★ imperial
imperial adj. 英文解释：relating to an empire or to the person who rules it 帝国的， 帝王的，皇帝的
the imperial family
the Imperial Palace
Britain's imperial expansion in the 19th century
【同根词】
imperialism n. 帝国主义
the age of imperialism
imperialist n. 帝国主义者 adj. 帝国主义的
The developed nations have all benefited from their imperialist exploitation.
★ hurricane
hurricane n. 英文解释：a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Ocean（大西洋西海岸的）飓风
【相关词汇】表达“风”：
- hurricane n.（大西洋西海岸的）飓风
- typhoon n.（太平洋西海岸的）台风
- cyclone n. 特大的破坏性的暴风
- squall n. 突然刮起的狂风
- tornado n. 龙卷风
- dust devil n. 小规模的尘暴，尘旋风
- blizzard n. 特大暴风雪
- snowstorm n. 暴风雪
- thunderstorm n. 大雷雨，雷暴
- windstorm n. 风暴
- sandstorm n. 沙尘暴
★ might
might n. [U] 英文解释：great strength or power 力量，威力，权力
I pushed the rock with all my might.
We fear the military might of the enemy.
【同根词】
mighty adj. 英文解释：very strong and powerful, or very big and impressive 强大的，有力的，宏伟壮观的
Even a mighty express train can be held up by signals.
In that first glorious hour, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic, sank with all flags flying ―in the harbour of her birth.
almighty adj. 全能的
God Almighty / Almighty God
★ zoomorphic
zoomorphic adj. 英文解释：having the form of an animal 动物形状的，兽形的
a zoomorphic deity
【词根】
“zoo” = animal + “morph”= “form”+ “ ic”
zoology (“logy” = study) n. 动 物 学
zoological adj. 动物学的
amorphous (“a”= not) adj. 无定形的
metamorphosis (“meta” = change) n. 变 形
polymorphous (“poly” = many) adj. 多种形态的
★ majestic
majestic adj. 英文解释：very big, impressive, or beautiful 宏伟的，壮观的，壮丽的
The great ship looked majestic in her new colours.
This lovely village is surrounded by majestic mountain scenery.
【词根】
maj / max = great
majesty n. 威严，庄严；陛下
majestic adj. 宏伟的，壮观的，壮丽的
major adj. 主要的，重要的，重大的
majority n. 大多数
maxim n. 格言
maximal adj. 最大的
maximum adj. 最大的 n. 最大量，最大值
climax (“cli”= lean) n. 顶点，高潮
anticlimax (“anti”= against) n. 突降，虎头蛇尾，令人失望的结局
★ port
port n. 英文解释：the left side of a ship or aircraft when you are looking towards the front （船或飞行器的）左舷
to port 朝向左舷
The plane tilted to port.
The ship was leaning over to port.
As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port.
【相关词汇】表达“船的部位”：
- port 左舷
- starboard 右舷
- rudder 舵
- anchor 锚
- mast 桅杆
- deck 甲板
- hull 船体
- cabin 船舱
- bow 船头
- stern 船尾
课文讲解
语法分析：
From the seventeenth-century empire of Sweden（时间状语）, the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628（that ...定语从句） must be one of the strangest tales of the sea.
知识点（1）【词汇】
【相关词汇】表达“君主”：
- empire 帝国
- emperor 皇帝
- empress 女皇
- kingdom 王国
- king 君主；国王
- queen 女王；女酋长；女首领
- city-state 城邦
- prince 王子；王孙；亲王
- princess （除女王或王后外的）王室女成员；（尤指）公主
Whenever the Italian city-states were at war with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing to pay the high price he demanded.
知识点（2）【词汇】
galleon n. 英文解释：a large sailing ship used mainly by the Spanish from the 15th to the 17th century （15 至 17 世纪的）西班牙大帆船
知识点（3）【词汇】
maiden n. 少女，未婚女子
maiden voyage / flight / work …
= first voyage / flight / work …
The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.
【辨析】
virgin land / forest …
知识点（4）【词汇】
tale 英文解释：n. a story, esp. one which might be invented or difficult to believe 故事，传奇
语法分析：
For nearly three and a half centuries（时间状语） she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery（名词化） in 1956（时间状语）.
知识点（1）Lesson03-10
语法：指车、船、祖国 时常用 she
What’s wrong with my car? she won’t start.
China has done what she promised to do.
She was carrying 1,316 passengers and crew of 891.
She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year.
The Karen had been sailing in a convoy to Russia when she was torpedoed by an enemy submarine.
知识点（2）【词汇】
【词汇变形辨析】
lie lay lain
lay laid laid
知识点（3）【课文仿写】
写作：名词化
造句：在将近两个半小时里她躺在血泊之中，直到上午八点被人发现。
For nearly two and a half hours she lay in a pool of blood until her discover at 8 o’clock a.m.
语法分析：
This was the Vasa, royal flagship of the great imperial fleet（同位语）.
知识点（1）Lesson03-10
语法：指轮船前加定冠词 “the”
The loss of the Titanic
the Cutty Sark
the Vasa
知识点（2）【词汇】
flagship n. 英文解释：the most important ship in a group of ships belonging to the navy 旗舰
知识点（3）【词汇】
fleet n. 英文解释：group of warships, submarines, etc. under one commander 舰队
知识点（4）
语法：唯一性的人或事物，定冠词the可以去掉
… royal flagship of …
George W. Bush, （the）President of the United States
Who is （the）caption of the team?
语法分析：
King Gustavus Adolphus, 'The Northern Hurricane'（同位语）, then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years' War（时间状语）或（插入语）或（后置定语）, had dictated her measurements and armament.
知识点（1）课文人物介绍
Gustavus Adolphus (1594-1632) king of Sweden whose victories in battle made Sweden a European power; his domestic reforms made Sweden a modern state; in 1630 he intervened on the Protestant side of the Thirty Years’ War and was killed in the battle of Lützen.
知识点（2）课文背景介绍：三十年战争
Thirty Years' War: A series of wars in central Europe beginning in 1618 that stemmed from conflict between Protestants and Catholics and political struggles between the Holy Roman Empire and other powers. It ended with the Peace of Westphalia (1648).
知识点（3）
be at the height of one’s success / fame / powers etc英文解释：to be more successful, famous etc than at any other time 在某人最…的时候
The Beatles were at the height of their fame.
知识点（4）【词汇】
dictate v. 英文解释：to give orders, or state sth. exactly, with total authority 指定
The UN will dictate the terms of troop withdrawal from the region.
知识点（5）【词汇】
measurement n. [C, usually pl.] 英文解释：the length, height etc of something 尺寸
Take measurements of the room before you buy any new furniture.
知识点（6）【词汇】
armament [U] 英文解释：process of equipping military forces for war 武装
知识点（1）【词汇】
mount v. 英文解释：to fix sth. into position on sth., so that you can use it, look at it or study it 将某物固定住（以备使用、展示或研究）
mount sth. (on / onto / in sth.) 将某物固定住…
The specimens were mounted on slides.
The diamond is mounted in gold.
a wall-mounted electric fan
知识点（2）【词汇】
bronze 青铜
brass 黄铜
copper 铜
知识点（3）【词汇】
cannon n. (复数cannon 或cannons) 英文解释：a large heavy powerful gun that was used in the past to fire heavy metal balls（发射实心金属炮弹的旧式）大炮
知识点（1）【词汇】
intended adj. 英文解释：planned or designed for a particular purpose or person 为了……而计划或设计的
be intended for … / to do … 为了…而计划或设计的
The book is intended for children.
The age limit is intended to guarantee that not only past work is rewarded. The Fields Medal is also intended to encourage the winners to make further contributions.
语法分析：
As she was prepared of her maiden voyage on August 10, 1628（时间状语）（时间状语从句）, Stockholm was in a ferment.
知识点（1）【词汇】
ferment n. [U, sing.] 英文解释：a situation of great excitement or trouble in a country, especially caused by political change 激动不宁，动荡不安
The whole country has been in a state of political ferment for some months.
语法分析：
From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands（地点状语） the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind（非谓语动词做后置定语）.
知识点（1）
thing of beauty
= beautiful thing
知识点（2）
spread sails 杨帆
A ship with all of its sails spread is a gallant sight.
My heart has spread its sails to the idle winds for the shadowy island of Anywhere.
【相关词组】表达“帆船”：
- hoist / lower the sails 升/降帆
- set sail 启航
The following week the 'Queen Elizabeth' set sail for New York.
Mrs. Healy moved away like a ship in full sail (= with all its sails spread).
知识点（3）
catch the wind 兜住风
The sails are torn; they won't catch the wind.
You cannot catch the wind in a net.
语法分析：
They had laboured for three years（时间状语） to produce this floating work of art（目的状语）; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship（比较状语）.
知识点（1）【词汇】
labour / labor v. to work hard
Five generations of his family have labored as fishermen.
Three hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still laboring to free those trapped.
知识点（2）
work of art n. 含义1. a painting, statue, etc. 艺术品；（绘画、雕塑等）艺术作品
A number of priceless works of art were stolen from the gallery.
work of art n. 含义2. something that is attractive and skillfully made 令人赏心悦目的东西；精致的物品
The bride's dress was a work of art.
知识点（3）【词汇】
richly adv. 英文解释：if something is richly decorated, it is decorated a lot, in a way that is beautiful 富丽堂皇地
a richly carved ceiling
a table richly ornamented with carvings
a cloak richly embroidered with gold thread
语法分析：
The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods, demons, knights, kings, warriors, mermaids, cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue, symbols of courage, power, and cruelty（red and gold and blue的同位语）（ablaze with… 后置定语）, were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.
知识点（1）
be a riot of sth. (fml.) 英文解释：be full of a collection of a lot of different types of the same thing 充满了，充斥着
The garden was a riot of colour.
The market was a riot of unfamiliar sounds and smells.
知识点（2）【词汇】
ablaze adj. 含义1. burning strongly with a lot of flames 熊熊燃烧的
Within minutes the whole house was ablaze.
ablaze adj. 含义2. very bright or colorful 光鲜的，明艳的
ablaze with …
Her yard was ablaze with summer flowers.
The trees were ablaze with the colors of autumn.
知识点（3）
symbol of … ……的象征、标志
The dove is a symbol of peace.
The lion is the symbol of courage.
The cross is the symbol of Christianity.
知识点（2）【词汇】
portray v. 英文解释：to show sb./sth. in a picture; to describe sb./sth. in a piece of writing（以绘画或文字）描绘
The painting portrays the duke's third wife.
His war poetry vividly portrays life in the trenches.
语法分析：
Then the cannons of the anchored warships（后置定语） thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply（定语从句）.
知识点（1）【词汇】
anchor v. [I, T] 抛锚；下锚
We anchored (our boat) close to the shore.
Before she had anchored, the men from the boats had climbed on board and the decks were soon covered with colourful rugs from Persia, silks from India, copper coffee pots, and beautiful hand-made silver-ware.
知识点（2）【词汇】
salute n. 含义1. an official occasion when guns are fired into the air to show respect 鸣礼炮致敬
Bands played, and there was a 21-gun salute.
fire / thunder a salute 鸣礼炮致敬
fire a salute of ten guns
Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired (a salute) in reply.
salute n. 含义2. an act of raising your right hand to your head as a sign of respect, usually done by a soldier to an office敬礼
give / return a salute 向某人敬礼/还礼
The soldier gave a salute and the officer returned it.
知识点（3）
in reply / response to sth. 作为对…的回应
I am writing in reply / response to your letter of June 12.
In response to renewed pleadings, Bruce stopped.
知识点（4）【课文仿写】
造句：哨兵 (sentry) 向我们敬礼，我们挥手 (wave) 还礼。
The sentry gave us a salute to which we waved in reply.
语法分析：
As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow（独立主格1，做伴随状语）, her flags flying（独立主格2，做伴随状语）, pennants waving（独立主格3，做伴随状语）, sails filling in the breeze（独立主格4，做伴随状语）, and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour （独立主格5，做伴随状语）（As... 时间状语从句）, she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before（比较状语从句）.
知识点（1）【词汇】
drift v. to move slowly on water or in the air 漂流，飘移
The boat drifted down the river.
Thick smoke from a forest fire drifted across the town.
知识点（2）【词汇】
cloud n. 英文解释：a large amount of smoke, dust, steam, etc. in the air 烟云，烟尘
cloud of dust / smoke / gas …
The hens darted away on all sides, raising a cloud of dust.
知识点（3）【词汇】
churn (up) v. 英文解释：if water, mud etc churns, or if something churns it, it moves about violently 翻滚，翻腾，汹涌奔腾
The water churned beneath the huge ship.
The sea was churned up by heavy winds.
知识点（4）【词汇】
foam n. [U] 英文解释：a mass of very small air bubbles on the surface of a liquid 泡沫
a glass of beer with a good head of foam
The breaking waves left the beach covered with foam.
The ship's propeller churned the waves to foam.
The wind howled and churned up the water into swirling foam.
知识点（5）【词汇】
pennant n. 英文解释：long narrow flag tapering to a point, used on a ship for signaling or as identification （船上用作信号或识别标志的）长三角旗
知识点（6）【词汇】
fill v. become full 充满
The hall soon filled.
The sails filled with wind.
知识点（7）【词汇】
superstructure n. 英文解释：the structural part of a ship above the main deck 甲板上部结构，船楼
知识点（1）【词汇】
gunport / gun-port n. 战舰上的炮门，炮眼
知识点（2）【词汇】
muzzle n. 英文解释：open end of a firearm, out of which the bullets, etc come 枪口，炮口
知识点（3）【词汇】
peep v. 英文解释：to look at something quickly and secretly, especially through a hole or opening 窥视，窥探
We caught her peeping through the keyhole.
语法分析：
As the wind freshened（时间状语） there came（特殊there be句型） a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement, listing to port（非谓语动词引导结果状语）.
知识点（1）【词汇】
freshen v. 英文解释： (of the wind) become strong and cool （指风）变得强而凉
The wind will freshen tonight.
a freshening onshore breeze
知识点（2）
语法：非be 动词的存在句型 (existential sentences with verbs other than ‘ be’)
there 常与 be 动词之外的不及物动词 (come, go, arrive, follow, rise, exist, appear, remain, live, lie, stand, happen, occur 等等) 构成存在句， 以突出句末的主语。
There came to his mind her beautiful face.
There remains nothing more to be done.
There followed an uncomfortable silence.
There rose in his imagination visions of a world empire.
Not long after this, there occurred a sudden revolution in public taste.
Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction.
知识点（3）
写作：动词名词化
… the ship made a strange movement …
He made no other movement, but stood with his thumbs in his belt.
discover …
make a discover of …
describe …
make a description of …
investigate …
make an investigation of …
summarize …
make a summary of …
analyze …
make an analysis of …
contribute to …
make contributions to …
emphasize / stress …
lay/put + emphasis/stress on …
understand …
have an understanding of …
consider …
give consideration to …
object to …
have an objection to …
知识点（4）【词汇】
list v. 英文解释： (of a ship) lean over to one side（指船）倾侧
The ship lists to port.
The damaged vessel was listing badly.
语法分析：
The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list（目的状语）, but the steepening angle of the decks increased.
知识点（1）【词汇】
ordnance n. [U] 英文解释：large guns with wheels 大炮
Ordnance Officer n. 炮长，司炮
知识点（2）
heave v. 英文解释：to push, pull, or lift a heavy object using a lot of effort 用力推、拖拽或提升重物
Alan heaved his suitcase onto his bed.
知识点（3）【词汇】
counteract v. 英文解释：to reduce or prevent the bad effect of something, by doing something that has the opposite effect 对抗，抵消
These exercises aim to counteract the effects of stress and tension.
知识点（4）【词汇】
steepen v. 英文解释：to become or to make sth. become steeper 使更陡峭
After a couple of miles, the slope steepened considerably.
语法分析：
Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore, as cargo, ballast, ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing（方式状语） down to the port side of the steeply listing ship（as... 原因状语从句）.
知识点（1）【词汇】
rumble v. 英文解释：make a deep heavy continuous sound 发出持续的低沉的声音
The machine rumbled as it started up.
thunder rumbling in the distance
I'm so hungry my stomach's rumbling.
知识点（2）
写作：突出句末或句首重点，改变语序
Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore …
Then the watchers on the shore heard the sound of rumbling thunder, …
We heard of the news that …
The news came to us that …
知识点（3）【词汇】
cargo n. [U and C] 英文解释：the goods that are being carried in a ship or plane（船或飞机上的）货物
The captain knew that another attempt would be made later, for the sunken ship he was trying to find had been carrying a precious cargo of gold bullion.
知识点（4）【词汇】
ballast n. [U] 英文解释：heavy material that is carried by a ship to make it more steady in the water（船中用以保持平稳的）压舱物
知识点（5）【词汇】
ammunition n. [U] 英文解释：supply of bullets, bombs, grenades, etc fired from weapons or thrown 弹药
知识点（6）
go doing 英文解释：to move in a particular way 以某种方式移动 （做方式状语）
The plate went crashing to the floor.
The train went chugging up the hill.
She went sobbing up the stairs.
Chairs and tables went flying into the arcade.
知识点（1）【词汇】
inrush n. [C usually singular] 英文解释：an occasion when sth. such as water or air enters a place quickly（水或空气的）涌入
an inrush of air / water
The inrush of fresh air filled the room.
知识点（2）
seals ’s fate / seal the fate of sb. 英文解释： to show or decide that sth. bad will definitely happen to someone 注定了……的厄运，使……在劫难逃
The discovery of new evidence sealed his fate.
The outbreak of war sealed the government's fate.
Further floods may have sealed the fate of the few remaining villages.
语法分析：
In that first glorious hour（时间状语）, the mighty Vasa, which was intended to rule the Baltic（which... 非限定性定语从句）, sank with all flags flying（独立主格，做伴随状语）―in the harbour of her birth.
知识点（1）【词汇】
birth n. 英文解释：the time when something new starts to exist（新事物的）诞生
the birth of a nation
The film gave birth to a TV show of the same name.