(标题)
Our neighbour, the
river
语法分析:
Our neighbour(同位语), the river(中心名词)
知识点(1)
语法:同位语前置,突出同位语
man’s best friend, the dog
God Almighty, Jesus Christ
(第一段)
The
river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm has always played an
important part in our lives.
语法分析:
The river which forms the eastern boundary of our farm(定语从句)
has always played an important part in our lives.
知识点(1)
play a … role / part in …
发挥某种作用
造句:西安市在中国历史上有至关重要的作用。
The city of Xi’an played a crucial role
in the history of China.
造句:政府在促进人权方面应该发挥更显著的作用。
The government should play a more
prominent part in promoting human
rights.
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have
only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to
see a case in which the voice plays a
strictly utilitarian role.
The fact of first-rate importance is the predominant
role that custom plays
in experience and in belief, and the very great varieties
it may manifest.
John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part
played by custom in shaping the
behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect
traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his
mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are taken up
into the vernacular of his family.
Without it we could not
make a living.
知识点(1)
语法:虚拟语气的省略、介词短语代替虚拟条件句
【复习】虚拟语气
If + S. + did / were …, S. + would /
should / could / might + do …
There would be no living things
without air.
There would be no living things
if there were no air.
In his position, I would commit
suicide.
If I were in his position, I
would commit suicide.
知识点(2)
make / earn a living 赚钱、谋生
There
is only enough spring water to supply the needs of the house so we have
to pump from the river for farm use.
知识点(1)
house n.住在一所房子里的人;全家人
【扩展】表达“用地方指代住在这里的人”:
the village 全村人
the town 全镇人
the city 全城人
the country 全国人
the world 全世界人
知识点(2)
irrigation n. 灌溉
irrigate vt. 灌溉
We tell the river all our
secrets.
We
know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their bees, that misfortune
might overtake us if the important events of our lives were not related
to it.
语法分析:
We know instinctively, just as beekeepers with their
bees(插入语), that misfortune might(虚拟语气)
overtake us if the important events of our lives
were(虚拟语气) not related to it(if... 条件状语从句).
(that… 宾语从句)
知识点(1)
instinctively = by instinct
本能地
【扩展】
particularly = in particular
尤其地
accidentally = by accident
偶然地
carefully = with care
小心地
delightedly = with delight
高兴地
angrily = with anger
愤怒地
知识点(2)
知识点(3)
relate sth. to sb. 把某事将给某人
【辨析】
relate A to / with B
把A和B联系起来
【扩展】【复习】
report / recount / relate sth. to
sb. 把某事讲述给某人
tell sb. (about) sth. 告诉某人某事
After telling several of his
friends about the theft, Dimitri
found out that his neighbour, Aleko, had suddenly acquired a new
lamb.
课后题:Lesson 16
10. After ___b___ the theft to several of his friends ...
(1.9)
(a) telling X搭配不对
(b) reporting 搭配正确
(c) expressing X 含义不通顺
(d) counting X 含义不通顺,换成recounting就对了
(第二段)
We have
special river birthday parties in the summer.
Sometimes
we go upstream to a favourite backwater, sometimes we have our party at
the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the farm built in the
meadow hard by the deepest pool for swimming and diving.
语法分析:
Sometimes we go upstream to a favourite backwater, sometimes we have
our party at the boathouse, which a predecessor of ours at the
farm(后置定语) built in the meadow hard by the deepest pool
for swimming and diving(后置定语).
(which...定语从句,修饰boathouse)
知识点(1)
go / row / sail upstream
逆流而上
go / row / sail downstream
顺流而上
知识点(2)
课文写法替换:
a predecessor of ours
one of our predecessors
知识点(3)
hard by … (fml.) adv. very near to …离得非常近
In
a heat wave we choose a midnight birthday party and that is the most
exciting of all.
知识点(1)
heat wave 酷暑时期
cold spell 严寒时期
【扩展】表达“天气热、冷”:(地道表达)
We
welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest girl with
flowers in the spring, holding a summer festival on Midsummer Eve,
giving thanks for the harvest in the autumn, and throwing a holly wreath
into the current in the winter.
语法分析:
We welcome the seasons by the riverside, crowning the youngest
girl with flowers in the
spring(非谓语动词引导结果状语方式状语1), holding a summer
festival on Midsummer
Eve(非谓语动词引导结果状语方式状语2), giving thanks for the
harvest in the autumn(非谓语动词引导结果状语方式状语3),
and throwing a holly wreath into the current in the
winter(非谓语动词引导结果状语方式状语4).
知识点(1)
表达“庆祝四季到来”:
知识点(2)
表达“季节时间”:
Midsummer Eve 仲夏夜
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
知识点(3)
Thanksgiving Day: the fourth Thursday in
November
the Puritans 清教徒
the Mayflower 五月花号
Columbus 哥伦布
American Indians / Native Americans 印第安人
the Pilgrims 新移民;朝圣者;朝圣客
the Pilgrim Fathers 清教徒前辈移民;清教徒们;移民先驱
roast turkey
apple pie
表达“感谢”:
After
a long period of rain the river may overflow its banks. This is a rare
occurrence as our climate seldom goes to extremes.
知识点(1)
表达“…发生”:
a rare(很少) /
common(经常) /
regular(经常有规律的) /
everyday(每天) occurrence
…发生
Laughter was a rare occurrence in his
classroom.
Unfortunately, computer errors are a common
occurrence.
Street-fights are an everyday occurrence
in this area of the city.
知识点(2)Lesson5
go to extremes 走极端
表达“很少走极端”
We
are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small
proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding, but other farms are
less favourably sited, and flooding can sometimes spell disaster for
their owners.
语法分析:
We are lucky in that(= because 引导原因状语从句) only the
lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our
farm(非限定性定语从句), are affected by flooding,
but(大并列) other farms are less favourably sited,
and(小并列) flooding can sometimes spell disaster for their
owners.
知识点(1)
表达“比例”:
a high / large proportion / percentage
of … 大部分
a small / tiny proportion / percentage
of …小部分
a majority of … 大多数
a vast/ great / overwhelming majority of
… (绝大多数)
a minority of … 少数
a small / tiny minority of …
极少数
知识点(2)
spell v. 英文解释:to cause sth.
bad to happen in the future 招致,导致
spell disaster(灾难) /
trouble(麻烦) /
danger(危险) for … 招致…
(第四段)
One
bad winter we watched the river creep up the lower meadows.
知识点(1)Lesson50
creep v. 蹑手蹑脚地走
写作:拟人
All
the cattle had been moved into stalls and we stood to lose little.
知识点(1)
stall n. 英文解释:an enclosed area
in a building for an animal such as a horse or cow
牲口棚,马厩,牛棚
知识点(2)
stand to do sth 英文解释:to be
likely to do or have something 可能……
知识点(3)
little adv.
这里修饰loose;几乎不
We
were, however, worried about our nearest neighbours, whose farm was low
lying and who were newcomers to the district.
语法分析:
We were, however(插入语), worried about our nearest
neighbours, whose farm was low lying(定语从句) and who were newcomers
to the district(定语从句).
知识点(1)
little adv. 这里指地势低地
【辨析】
lowly adj. humble 卑微地、谦卑的
As
the floods had put the telephone out of order, we could not find out how
they were managing.
知识点(1)Lesson46
put … out of order 使…出故障
put … in order 修好了
put … right 修好了
When lights fuse, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or
vacuum cleaners fail to operate, some women assume that their husbands
will somehow put things
right.
be out of order 出故障了、坏了
The bell had been out of order for many years.
【扩展】【复习】Lesson14
put … out of business 使…破产
put … out of work 使…失业
【扩展】
… out of … : 1在…之外
I am out of patience. 失去耐心
I am out of anger. 超出愤怒
The TV is out of repair. 没法修
… out of … : 2.出于… Lesson24
out of sympathy / pity
出于同情
out of interest 出于兴趣
out of respect 出于敬意
out of conscience 出于良心
out of necessity 出于必要
out of desperation 出于绝望
So let us begin anew—remembering on both sides that civility is
not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us
never negotiate out of fear(出于恐惧), but let
us never fear to negotiate. ——John F. Kennedy
知识点(2)
From
an attic window we could get a sweeping view of the river where their
land joined ours, and at the most critical juncture we took turns in
watching that point.
语法分析:
From an attic window(介词短语做地点状语) we could
get a sweeping view of the river where their land joined
ours(定语从句), and(并列) at the most critical
juncture(时间状语) we took turns in watching that point.
知识点(1)
… get a sweeping view 俯瞰
= … get a bird's eye view
知识点(2)
critical juncture 紧要关头
【扩展】
课文写法替换:
…, when the flood was at its height
…
…, at the height of the flood
… the height of ... …的顶峰状态
August is the height of summer.
The storm is at its height.
课后题:Lesson 16
10. - and we ___B___ took turns in watching that point.
(1.22)
(a) in the peak of condition
(b) in place of the most severe critic
(c) at the most dangerous boundary
(d) when the flood was at its height
知识点(3)
take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流…..
= take turns to do sth.
There is only one computer, so we have to take turns
(in) using it.
There is only one computer, so we have to take turns
to use it.
The
first sign of disaster was a dead sheep floating down.
知识点(1)
【扩展】【近义词组】表达“迹象、征兆”:
sign
indication
omen
Next
came a horse, swimming bravely, but we were afraid that the strength of
the current would prevent its landing anywhere before it became
exhausted.
语法分析:
Next came a horse(全部倒装), swimming
bravely(后置定语,修饰horse), but we were afraid
that the strength of the current would prevent its
landing anywhere before(直到) it became exhausted.
(that… 形容词补足语)
知识点(1)Lesson10、17
语法:全部倒装(把全部谓语置于主语之前。)
这种倒装主要目的是为了突出句末的主语。
不能倒装
Off he went. 主语不能是代词
On the hill John saw Mary. 谓语是及物动词
表语置于句首。这种倒装主要目的是为了避免头重脚轻(主语较长)。
Happy is he who has a sound mind in
a sound body.
Gone are the days when my heart was
young and gay.
知识点(1)
prevent its landing
【复习】语法:动名词属格
(a) on its being written out
(b) on writing it out
(c) to have it written out
(d) that it would have to be written out
Suddenly
a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's ark, carrying the whole
family, a few hens, the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage.
语法分析:
Suddenly a raft appeared, looking rather like Noah's
ark(非谓语做插入语), carrying the whole family, a few hens,
the dogs, a cat, and a bird in a cage.(carrying…
可以看作伴随状语修饰appeared,也可以看作原因状语解释looking…)
知识点(1)
Noah’s ark 诺亚方舟
the Genesis 创世纪
the New Testament (Christians) 新约
the Old Testament 旧约
(Jews) deluge 大洪水
We
realized that they must have become unduly frightened by the rising
flood, for their house, which had sound foundations, would have stood
stoutly even if it had been almost submerged.
语法分析:
We realized that they must have
become(过去地肯定推测) unduly frightened by the rising
flood(that…宾语从句), for their house, which had
sound foundations(非限定性定语从句), would have
stood(对过去地虚拟语气) stoutly even if it 对过去地had
been(虚拟语气) almost submerged(if... 条件状语从句).
(for... 原因状语从句)
知识点(1)
sound adj. 英文解释:in good
condition and not damaged in any way 完好的
知识点(2)
stout = sturdy adj.
英文解释:strong and thick 粗壮的,结实的
stout boots for climbing
a stout walking-stick
The
men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with boat
hooks, in the hope of being able to grapple a corner of the raft and
pull it out of the current towards our bank.
语法分析:
The men of our family waded down through our flooded
meadows(地点状语) with boathooks(伴随状语), in
the hope(=because… 介词短语充当原因状语) of being able to grapple a
corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our
bank.
知识点(1)
wade n/v. 跋涉;可涉水而过的地方
trek n/v. 艰苦跋涉
知识点(2)
in the hope of / that …
有这样地希望…(引出同位语)
… in the hope that they would be able to …
Police are carrying out a house-to-house search in the
hope of finding the missing girl.
The men of our family waded down through our flooded meadows with
boathooks, in the hope of being
(=because they hope to be) able to
grapple a corner of the raft and pull it out of the current towards our
bank.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like
civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can
make mistakes or act over-zealously in the
belief (=because they
believe) that they are serving the public.
In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when
she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her
sudden discovery (=because she suddenly
discovered) that her front door was open.
They leave unwanted objects in drawers, cupboards and attics for
years, in the belief that
(=because they believe that) they may
one day need just those very things.
Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in
battle may justifiably feel bitter in the
thought (=because they
think) that they have cheated of the best things that
life has to offer.
知识点(3)
grapple v. 英文解释:to take a firm
hold of sb./sth. and struggle with them 紧紧抓住,扭住,扭打
We
still think it a miracle that they were able to do so.
语法分析:
We still think it(形式宾语) a miracle that they were able
to do so(真正宾语).