（第一段）
Recent
developments in astronomy have made it possible to detect planets in our
own Milky Way and in other galaxies.
语法分析:
Recent developments in astronomy（后置定语） have
made it（形式宾语） possible to detect planets in our own
Milky Way（地点状语) and in other galaxies（地点状语). （to
detect… 真正宾语）
知识点（1）
detect v. 英文解释：to discover or
notice sth, especially sth that is not easy to see, hear, etc.
发现，觉察
知识点（2）
the Milky Way = the Galaxy 银河
This
is a major achievement because, in relative terms, planets are very
small and do not emit light.
知识点（1）
in relative terms 英文解释：compared with other,
similar things 相对来说
Finding
planets is proving hard enough, but finding life on them will prove
infinitely more difficult.
知识点（1）Lesson1
prove (to be) + adj. / n.
被证明是……
知识点（2）
infinitely adv. 英文解释：very much
― used esp. when comparing things （尤其与比较级连用）……得多
【复习】Lesson4
far / much / even / still /
yet + 比较级 …得多
The
first question to answer is whether a planet can actually support
life.
知识点（1）
support v. 英文解释：to provide the
right conditions, such as enough food and water, for life
（提供合适的条件以）维持生命，使活下去
The land is so poor here that it cannot
support any crops.
Because of pollution, this lake is now too acid to
support fish.
In
our own solar system, for example, Venus is far to hot and Mars is far
too cold to support life.
Only
the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here it has taken more
than four billion years for plant and animal life to evolve.
语法分析:
Only the Earth provides ideal conditions, and even here
it（形式主语） has taken more than 4 billion years
for plant and animal
life（介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语） to
evolve（真正主语）.
知识点（1）Lesson42
it takes … (for …) to do sth.
对某人来说做某事花了多少时间
（第二段）
Whether
a planet can support life depends on the size and brightness of its
star, that is its 'sun'.
语法分析:
Whether a planet can support life（主语从句） depends on the size and
brightness of its star, that is（也就是说，引出同位语） its
'sun'.
知识点（1）
that is (to say): or more exactly
也就是说，确切地说（引出同位语）
The fare is reduced for children, that is
anyone under 15 years old.
One solution would be to change the shape of the screen,
that is, to make it wider.
Languages are taught by the direct method, that is
to say, without using the student's own
language.
I loved him ― that is, I thought I
did.
I'll meet you in the city, that is, I
will if the trains are running.
One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in a grass
field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more
than 2,250,000 in one acre, that is something
like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football
pitch.
【扩展】【复习】
“i.e”：“也就是说”
The film is only open to adults, i.e.
people over 18.
The hotel is closed during low season,
i.e. from October to March.
The price must be more realistic, i.e.
lower.
【扩展】【复习】“也就是说”
She has worked at the bank for many years, nine
to be exact. （后置）
He was economical with the truth ― in other
words, he was lying.
It's fairly risky. Or to put it another
way, don't try this at home.
Imagine
a star up to 20 times larger, brighter and hotter than our own sun. A
planet would have to be a very long way from it to be capable of
supporting life.
语法分析:
祈使句：
Imagine a star up to 20 times larger, brighter and hotter than our
own sun（比较状语). （up to … 介词短语当后置定语）
知识点（1）
语法：Imagine 引导祈使句
Imagine life without hot water.
Imagine that you have just won a million
pounds.
Imagine their dismay when they found a
beautifully-cooked wallet and notes turned to ash!
知识点（2）
up to sth. 含义1： as much or as
many as a certain amount or number but not more 多 达 ……
up to sth. 含义2： = up till
（时间） 英文解释：for the whole of a period until a
certain time or date 直到……
Up to the time of his death, Richard
Colson was one of the most notable figures in our town.
Up to now, historians have assumed that
calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man
was faced with a real need to understand something about the
seasons.
Alternatively,
if the star were small, the life-supporting planet would have to have a
close orbit round it and also provide the perfect conditions for life
forms to develop.
语法分析:
Alternatively（副词做状语）, if the star
were（虚拟语气） small（条件状语从句）, the
life-supporting planet would have to
have a close orbit round it（后置定语,修饰orbit） and
also provide the perfect conditions for life forms to
develop（后置定语修饰conditions，或可以看做目的状语；介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语）.
知识点（1）
alternatively adv. 英文解释used to
introduce a suggestion or to mention sth. different to what has just
been stated 或者
The agency will make travel arrangements for you.
Alternatively, you can organize your own
transport.
We could go to the Indian restaurant, or
alternatively, we could try that new Italian
place.
知识点（2）复习
life-supporting 复合形容词
语法：复合形容词简化定语从句
the planet which supports life
the life-supporting planet
animals which eat insects
insect-eating animals
silverware which is made by hands
hand-made silverware
diseases which are related to stress
stress-related diseases
state-owned enterprises 国有企业
flower-selling girls 卖花女孩
epoch-making masterpieces
划时代的作品
cancer-causing substances 致癌物质
知识点（3）
语法：并列句的省略
知识点（4）
语法：for…to do 引出动词不定式的逻辑主语
But how would we find such
a planet?
知识点（1）复习
语法：虚拟语气的省略
At
present, there is no telescope in existence that is capable of detecting
the presence of life.
语法分析:
At present（介词短语做状语）, there is no telescope in
existence（介词短语当后置定语） that is
capable of detecting the presence of life. （that
...定语从句，修饰）
知识点（1）
in existence 存在
【复习】Lesson38
come into existence 开始存在
知识点（2）Lesson54
presence n. 英文解释： the
existence of sb. or sth. in a particular place 存在
one’s presence 某人的存在
Her presence during the crisis had a
calming effect.
We enjoy staring at them entranced as they go about their
business, unaware (we hope) of our
presence.
the presence of … …的存在
detect the presence of … 寻找……
The
development of such a telescope will be one of the great astronomical
projects of the 21st century.
知识点（1）
develop v. 英文解释： to design or
make a new idea, product, system etc. over a period of time
开发，研制
development n. t英文解释： he
process of creating a new product or method 开发，研制
知识点（2）
写作：正规书面语中名词更正式
Gre范文：
The resolution of some problems of today
is urgent and critical for the survival of a society.
Overemphasis upon some existing problems
could cause harmful effects.
The efforts to solve problems of the
future is sometimes of paramount
importance for the avoidance of
potential threats or even catastrophes we can
anticipate.
举例：
His acceptance of bribes led to his
arrest.
My arrival coincided with his
departure.
（第三段）
It
is impossible to look for life on another planet using earth-based
telescopes.
语法分析:
It（主语从句） is impossible to look for life on another
planet using earth-based telescopes（非谓语动词做方式状语）.
（to... 真正主语）
知识点（1）
【词根】
-based 常用语构成复合形容词的词根
-based 含义1： combines with nouns
referring to places to mean sth. positioned or existing mainly in the
place mentioned, or operating or organized from that place 位于
-based 含义2：used with some names to make
adjectives describing the main substance in a product主要成分为……
Our
own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the telescope would make
it impossible to detect objects as small as planets.
语法分析:
Our own warm atmosphere and the heat generated by the
telescope（过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰heat）
would（虚拟语气） make it（形式宾语） impossible
to detect objects as small as
planets（后置定语，修饰objects）. （to…真正宾语）
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
Even
a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very successful Hubble
telescope, would not be suitable because of the dust particles in our
solar system.
语法分析:
Even a telescope in orbit round the
earth（后置定语，修饰orbit）, like the very successful Hubble
telescope, would（虚拟语气） not be suitable because
of the dust particles in our solar system.
（原因状语从句)
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
课文补全：
Even a telescope in orbit round the earth, like the very
successful Hubble telescope, would not be suitable
because of the dust particles in our solar system if we
looked for life using a telescope in orbit round the
earth.
知识点（2）
哈勃望远镜：
Hubble Edwin Powell 1889-1953. American astronomer who discovered
(1929) that the velocities of nebulae increase with distance
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)
The Hubble Space Telescope is a telescope in orbit around the
Earth.
Its position outside the Earth's atmosphere allows it to take
extremely sharp images, and since its launch in 1990, it has become one
of the most important telescopes in the history of astronomy.
It has been responsible for many ground-breaking observations and has
helped astronomers achieve a better understanding of many fundamental
problems in astrophysics.
知识点（3）
particle n. 英文解释：a very small
piece of sth. 微粒
A
telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to look for
life in outer space, because the dust becomes thinner the further we
travel towards the outer edges of our own solar system.
语法分析:
A telescope would（虚拟语气） have to be as far away
as the planet Jupiter to look for life in outer space,
because the dust becomes thinner the further we travel towards
the outer edges of our own solar system（比较状语从句).
（because... 原因状语从句)
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
知识点（2）Lesson9、43、55
语法：“越…越…”比较
1.两个the
分别放在句首，前半句从句，后半句是主句，从前往后翻译
The harder they worked(前半句从句，类似条件状语从句)
the hungrier they became. （后半句是主句）
The more he gets, the more he wants
The harder you work, the greater progress you
will（时态：主将从现） make.
主句倒装
The younger the child is （从句）, the more
is the child’s need of sleep. （主句，倒装）
The more democracy spreads, the stronger
become（倒装） the forces of peace.
如果谓语动词是be动词，这种句型可省略:
The younger the child is, the more
is / will be the child’s need of sleep.
The younger the child, the more the child’s need of
sleep. （be动词省略）
The higher the standard of living, the greater the
amount of paper used. （be动词省略）
The higher the standard of living is,
the greater is / will be（倒装） the amount of
paper used.
课文写法替换：Lesson44
Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance company
takes, the higher the premium you will have to pay.
Needless to say, the bigger the risk an insurance
company takes is, the higher will
be（倒装） the premium you will have to pay.
2.第一句the加比较级放在句中，第二句the加比较级放在句首，只能先翻译后半句，再翻译前半句
They became (the) hungrier （前半句是主句）the
harder they worked.（后半句是从句）
A telescope would have to be as far away as the planet Jupiter to
look for life in outer space, because the dust becomes
thinner（主句） the further we travel（从句） towards the outer edges of
our own solar system.
We are so familiar with the fact that man ages, that people have
for years assumed that the process of losing vigour with time, of
becoming more likely to die（主句） the older we get（从句）, was
something self-evident, like the cooling of a hot kettle or the
wearing-out of a pair of shoes.
Once
we detected a planet, we would have to find a way of blotting out the
light from its star, so that we would be able to 'see' the planet
properly and analyse its atmosphere.
语法分析:
Once we detected（类似if从句的虚拟） a
planet（时间状语）, we would（虚拟语气） have to find a
way of blotting out the light from its star（后置定语）,
so that we would be able to 'see' the planet
properly and analyze its atmosphere.（so that…would 目的状语从句）
知识点（1）
way of doing sth. 做某事的方式
way to do sth. 做某事的方式
知识点（2）
blot n. 英文解释：a mark or dirty
spot on sth., esp. made by ink 污点，墨迹
blot out 英文解释：to cover sth. so that you can no
longer see it 遮住
知识点（3）Lesson43
语法：so (that) 作连词时一般来说有两种用法：
1. 引导结果状语从句，译为“所以”，从句谓语动词中一般没有情态动词。
2. 引导目的状语从句，译为“以便”= in order that
…，从句谓语动词中多出现情态动词 can, could, may, might, should, would
等。
We paid him immediately, so (that) he
left contented. （所以）
We paid him immediately, so (that) he
would leave contented. （以便）
The pie committee decided that the best way to transport the dish
would be by canal, so（所以） they insured it
for the trip.
In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for
the two of us, so that （所以）he gradually
ceased to grieve.
It had been purchased by a local authority so
that （以便）an enormous pie could
be baked for an annual fair.
This time they fixed heavy metal clamps to both sides of the dish
so that （以便）they
could fasten the chains.
知识点（4）
properly adv. (BrE)
英文解释：completely, fully, thoroughly
完全地，彻底地
In
the first instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather than
'little green men'.
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
课文补全：
If we looked for life on a planet, in the first
instance, we would be looking for plant life, rather
than 'little green men'.
知识点（2）
in the first instance (fml.)
英文解释：as the first part of a series of actions
首先，第一
In the first instance, notify the police
and then contact your insurance company.
Anyone wishing to join the society should apply in the
first instance to the secretary.
知识点（3）
Little green men （【idiom】）is a popular
expression used to describe extraterrestrial life.
The
life forms most likely to develop on a planet would be bacteria.
语法分析：
The life forms most likely to develop on a planet（后置定语）
would（虚拟语气） be bacteria.
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
It
is bacteria that have generated the oxygen we breathe on earth.
语法分析：
强调句
It is（强调） bacteria that have generated the oxygen
we breathe on earth（定语从句）.
For
most of the earth's history they have been the only form of life on our
planet.
As
Earth-dwellers, we always cherish the hope that we will be visited by
little green men and that we will be able to communicate with them.
语法分析：
As Earth-dwellers（介词短语做状语）, we always cherish the
hope that we will be visited by little green men（that...
同位语从句1） and that we will be able to communicate
with them（that... 同位语从句2）.
知识点（1）
dweller 居民
知识点（2）Lesson34
cherish v. 英文解释：to keep hopes,
memories or ideas in your mind because they are important to you and
bring you pleasure 长期怀有某种感情
Like a scientist bent on making a discovery, he must
cherish the hope that one day he will be amply
rewarded.
He cherished the hope of winning an
Olympic medal.
He cherished the memory of his late
wife.
He cherished the illusion that the girl
was in love with him.
But
this hope is always in the realms of science fiction.
知识点（1）
realm(s) （单复数含义类似）
an idea that belongs in the realm(s) of
science fiction
I suppose it's not beyond the realm(s) of
possibility.
This is not really within the realm(s) of
my experience.
知识点（2）
science fiction (also informal sci-fi) n. [U]
英文解释：a type of book, film/movie, etc. that is
based on imagined scientific discoveries of the future, and often deals
with space travel and life on other planets 科学幻想（科幻）
If
we were able to discover lowly forms of life like bacteria on another
planet, it would completely change our view of ourselves.
语法分析：
If we were（虚拟语气） able to discover lowly forms
of life like bacteria on another planet（if... 条件状语从句）, it
would（虚拟语气） completely change our view of
ourselves.
知识点（1）
lowly adj. 英文解释：low in rank,
importance, or social class 卑微的，低等的
low adj. & adv. 低的（地）
bow low to the Queen
That plane's flying too low!
We were, however, worried about our nearest neighbours, whose
farm was low lying and who were newcomers to the
district.
As
Daniel Goldin of NASA observed, 'Finding life elsewhere would change
everything. No human endeavour or thought would be unchanged by
it.'
语法分析:
As（做observed的宾语） Daniel Goldin of NASA
observed（非限定性定语从句）, 'Finding life elsewhere
would（虚拟语气） change everything. No human endeavour
or thought would（虚拟语气） be unchanged by it.'
知识点（1）
语法：虚拟语气的省略
If life were found elsewhere, no human endeavour or
thought would be unchanged by it.
知识点（2）
observe v. (fml.) 英文解释：to make
a written or spoken comment about someone or something （评论）说
"I've always found German cars very reliable," he
observed.
She observed that it would soon be time
to stop for lunch.
observation n. a spoken or written remark about
something you have noticed 言论，评论
知识点（3）
elsewhere adv. 英文解释：in, at, or
to another place 在别处，到别处
The answer to the problem must be sought
elsewhere.
Our favourite restaurant was full, so we had to go
elsewhere.
知识点（4）人物介绍
Daniel Goldin
Daniel Saul Goldin (born July 23, 1940) served as the 9th and
longest-tenured Administrator of NASA from April 1, 1992, to November
17, 2001. He was appointed by President George H. W. Bush and served
under three presidential administrations.
知识点（5）
NASA n. 英文解释：National Aeronautics and Space
Administration a US government organization that controls space travel
and the scientific study of space （美国）国家航空航天局