（第一段）
We have been brought
up to fear insects.
知识点（1）Lesson23
bring sb. ↔︎ up 把某人抚养大
have been brought up to do
【idiom】（用于完成时）从小就……
The sad truth is that most of us have been brought up
to eat certain foods and we stick to them all our
lives.
高考阅读：
I have been brought up to believe that it
is proper to make contributions to charity.
6级阅读：
And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have
been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy
to those of us who have been brought up to
believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much
better.
We
regard them as unnecessary creatures that do more harm than good.
知识点（1）
do more harm than good 【idiom】弊大于利
do … harm / do harm to … 对…有害
do sb. good 对某人有好处
in more ways than one
【idiom】有不只一方面的含义（Lesson19）
We
continually wage war on them, for they contaminate our food, carry
diseases, or devour our crops.
知识点（1）
【辨析】
continually adv. 不断地；频繁地
continuously adv. 连续不断地
These lights flickered continuously like
traffic lights which have gone mad.
Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for
even though it was still summer, it rained
continually and it was often bitterly
cold.
be continually / always doing
老做某事（Lesson2）
知识点（2）
contaminate v. 英文解释：to make
sth. dirty, polluted, or poisonous by adding a chemical, waste, or
infection 污染……
知识点（3）
carry v. 英文解释：if a person,
animal, or insect carries a disease, they can pass it to other people or
animals even if they are not ill themselves 携带病菌，传播疾病
carrier 带菌者，病媒
【扩展】
transmit （强调传播）
contagious adj. 感染性的；会蔓延的
infectious adj. 传染的；传染性的；易传染的
catching adj. 传染性的；有魅力的
catch
vt. 赶上；抓住；感染；了解
知识点（4）Lesson33
devour v. 吞食；毁灭
Only two stray dogs benefited from all this confusion, for they
greedily devoured what was left of the
cake.
Insects would make it impossible for us to live in the world;
they would devour all our crops and kill our
flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from
insect-eating animals.
They
sting or bite without provocation; they fly uninvited into our rooms on
summer nights, or beat against our lighted windows.
语法分析:
They sting or bite without provocation（介词短语做状语）; they fly
uninvited（adj. 修饰they，做主语补足语） into our rooms on
summer nights（时间状语）, or beat against our lighted windows.
知识点（1）
uninvited adj. 未经邀请的
知识点（2）Lesson41
语法：“上午、下午、晚上”如果有形容词或名词修饰限定的话，一般都用介词on
on a Monday night
on a sunny afternoon
知识点（3）
lighted adj. 含义1. a lighted
window, room etc. is bright because there is a light on inside
亮着灯的
lighted adj. 含义2. a lighted
candle, match etc. is burning at one end 点着的
We
live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or wasps, but
of quite harmless ones like moths.
语法分析:
We live in dread not only（不但） of unpleasant insects
like spiders or wasps（介词短语当后置定语）,
but（而且） of quite harmless ones like
moths（介词短语当后置定语）.
知识点（1）
dread sth. / doing
害怕做某事、某事反生
dreadful adj. 可怕的, 糟糕的
live in dread of … 一直害怕……
【扩展】
stand in awe of … 对……充满敬畏
You can't help standing in awe of
powerful people.
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of
a spider pouncing on a fly, or a column of ants triumphantly bearing
home an enormous dead beetle?
知识点（2）复习
语法：not only … but（aslso）
平行结构
Gifts poured in not only from unknown
people, but from baby food and soap
manufacturers who wished to advertise their products.
Shops cater for the do-it-yourself craze not
only by running special advisory services for
novices, but by offering consumers bits
and pieces which they can assemble at home.
This hobby educates one not only in
the chosen subject, but also in general
matters which have some bearing on it.
Reading
about them increases our understanding without dispelling our
fears.
知识点（1）Lesson52
dispel v. 英文解释：to make sth. go
away, esp. a belief, idea, or feeling 驱散，打消
dispel doubts（疑虑） /
fears（恐惧） /
worries（忧虑） /
rumors（谣言） /
hesitations（忧郁） /
prejudice（偏见） … 驱散了… 、打消了…
Knowing
that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized society does
nothing to prevent us from being filled with revulsion when we find
hordes of them crawling over a carefully prepared picnic lunch.
语法分析:
Knowing（动名词主语） that the industrious ant lives in a highly
organized society（that… 动名词主语内的宾语从句） does nothing to
prevent us from being filled
with revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a
carefully prepared picnic lunch（非谓语）. （when...
时间状语从句）
知识点（1）Lesson49
industrious: diligent 勤奋的
industrial adj. 工业的, 产业的
industrial revolution
industrial workers
知识点（2）
do nothing to do sth. 做某某方面没用
not do anything to do sth. 在某方面根本没用
造句准备：
Precautions of this sort are necessary, …
prevent … from … 阻止
造句：这些预防措施在阻止这种疾病蔓延方面没有任何作用。
The precautions did nothing / did not do
anything to prevent the disease from
spreading.
【扩展】
do little to do sth.在某方面没多大作用
do much / a lot / a great deal to do
sth. 在某方面有很大作用
知识点（3）Lesson48
be filled with … 充满了某种情绪
be filled with anger（愤怒） /
fear（恐惧） / dread（恐惧） / horror（惊恐） /
joy（快乐） / happiness（快乐、幸福） /
doubt（怀疑） / alarm（惊恐） / revulsion（厌恶） /
admiration（敬佩） / remorse（悔恨） …
充满了某种情绪…
All at once, I noticed that my wife seemed to be filled
with alarm.
Their faces were suddenly filled with
fear.
I am filled with admiration for your
bravery.
Knowing that the industrious ant lives in a highly organized
society does nothing to prevent us from being filled with
revulsion when we find hordes of them crawling over a
carefully prepared picnic lunch.
No
matter how much we like honey, or how much we have read about the
uncanny sense of direction which bees possess, we have a horror of being
stung.
语法分析:
No matter how much we like honey（让步状语从句）,
or（并列两个让步状语从句） how much we have read about the
uncanny sense of direction which bees
possess（定语从句） （让步状语从句）, we have a horror of being
stung.
知识点（1）复习
sense of direction（方向） /
humor（幽默） / danger（危险） / justice（正义） /
pride（自豪） / honor（荣誉） /
accomplishment（成就） / responsibility（责任） /
superiority（优越） / inferiority（自卑）
… …感
知识点（2）
have a horror of … 害怕
= be afraid / frightened / scared of
...
Most
of our fears are unreasonable, but they are impossible to erase.
知识点（1）Lesson13
… they are impossible to erase…
语法：形容词后加动词不定式作补语，用主动表被动的含义
He is easy to fool.
She is extremely difficult to
please.
The machine is awkward to
handle.
The man is hard to work
with.
知识点（2）【课文仿写】
造句：我害怕开车是没有道理的,
但这种感觉无法消除。
My fear of driving is unreasonable, but it is impossible to
erase.
At
the same time, however, insects are strangely fascinating.
知识点（1）Lesson9
fascinating adj. 迷人的
fascinate vt. 迷住……
fascination n. 魅力，吸引力
Antique shops exert a peculiar
fascination on a great many
people.
课文写法替换：
At the same time, however, insects exert a peculiar
fascination on us.
At the same time, however, insects never fail to
fascinate us.
We
enjoy reading about them, especially when we find that, like the praying
mantis, they lead perfectly horrible lives.
语法分析:
We enjoy reading about them, especially when we find
that, like the praying mantis（插入语）,
they lead perfectly horrible lives（that…
宾语从句）. （when... 时间状语从句）
知识点（1）
perfectly adv. 英文解释：completely
― used to emphasize what you are saying（用于加强语气）完全，
非常，极其
We
enjoy staring at them, entranced as they go about their business,
unaware (we hope) of our presence.
语法分析:
We enjoy staring at them, entranced as（as…
时间状语从句） they go about their business, unaware
(we hope) of our
presence（unaware非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰go
about）.（entranced…
非谓语动词做伴随状语）
知识点（1）
entrance vt. 令人着迷，陶醉
I’m completely entranced by / with
the music.
The children sat silent on the carpet, entranced
by the puppet show.
知识点（2）
go about one’s business 做自己的事
go about sth. 着手做某事
知识点（3）Lesson30
be (un)aware of … 意识到/没有意识到
知识点（4）
presence n. 出席，在场
in the presence of sb. 某人在场的情况下
= in sb.’s presence
Harry is very thrifty, but in the presence
of his friends he never shows this side of his
life.
造句：我在场时请别抽烟。
Please don't smoke in my
presence.
Everything around him was full of her
presence（似乎存在）, continually reopening the
wound.
His daughter's presence seemed to fill
her empty bedroom.
Everything around me is full of his / her
presence（他/她的身影似乎存在）, continually reopening the
wound.
【扩展】【复习】
absence n. 不在场，缺席
in sb.’s absence 在某人不在场的情况下
In my absence he will be in
charge.
造句：在老师不在的时候，学生们都在忙自己的事。
In the absence of their teacher, the students were all going
about their business.
Who
has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on a fly, or a
column of ants triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead beetle?
语法分析:
Who has not stood in awe at the sight of a spider pouncing on
a fly（非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰spider）, or a column of ants
triumphantly bearing home an enormous dead
beetle（非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰ants）? （at … 时间状语）
知识点（1）
stand in awe (of ...)（对……）充满敬畏
知识点（2）Lesson11
pounce on … 猛扑向……
知识点（3）Lesson48
column n. 英文解释：a long moving
line of people or things（人或事物的）队伍
知识点（4）Lesson37
triumph n. 胜利，成功（的喜悦）；v.
获得成功，取胜
知识点（5）第一段总结、Lesson37
语法：rhetorical question
修辞疑问句；不用回答；多用于结尾
We often speak of tramps with contempt and put them in the same
class as beggars, but how many of us can honestly say that we have not
felt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom from
care?
O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind? ‘Ode to the
West Wind’— P. B. Shelley
Who among us has not dreamed of that?
What is the use of our studying grammar if we can't put the
grammatical rules into practice?
Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly whimsical than
that of gunners using science to shatter men‘s bodies while, close at
hand, surgeons use it to restore them?
（第二段）
Last
summer I spent days in the garden watching thousands of ants crawling up
the trunk of my prize peach tree.
知识点（1）Lesson16、23
prize: valued; treasured; cherished
One of Mary's prize possessions was a
little white lamb which her husband had given her.
The idea never appealed to me very much, but one day, after heavy
shower, I happened to be walking in my garden when I noticed a huge
number of snails taking a stroll on some of my
prize plants.
The
tree has grown against a warm wall on a sheltered side of the
house.
知识点（1）
sheltered adj. 可避风雨的
I
am especially proud of it, not only because it has survived several
severe winters, but because it occasionally produces luscious
peaches.
知识点（1）Lesson9
survive vt. 经历……而幸存
知识点（2）Lesson31
severe adj. 严重的，严酷的，严厉的
知识点（3）Lesson47、52
produce v. 含义1. make, create
制造
When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can
deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use
again, attempt to produce less of it.
produce v. 含义2. to grow sth. or
make it naturally 出产（农场品），产（仔）
The tree produces fruit.
A cow produces milk.
A hen produces eggs.
produce v. 含义3. if you produce an
object, you bring it out or present it, so that people can see or
consider it 出示，拿出
Produce your ticket!
They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I
produced a packet of sweets from my
pocket.
She produced all sorts of weird
concoctions, but none of them met with Harry's requirements.
During
the summer, I noticed that the leaves of the tree were beginning to
wither.
Clusters
of tiny insects called aphides were to be found on the underside of the
leaves.
知识点（1）
cluster n. 英文解释：a group of
things of the same kind that are very close together
（密密匝匝的）一簇， 一团
知识点（2）
be to be found / heard / seen
能够被找到 / 看到 / 听到
Such books are to be found in the
library.
Not a sound was to be heard.
Not a soul was to be seen.
【复习】Lesson40
语法：be to do (fml.) 的四种用法
用法①： 打算
用法②：命令
用法③：能够
用法④：应该
Such men are to be pitied rather than
despised.
Some books are to be tasted, others
to be swallowed, and some few to
be chewed and digested. — Francis Bacon
They
were visited by a large colony of ants which obtained a sort of honey
from them.
知识点（1）
colony n. 英文解释：a group of
animals or plants of the same type that are living or growing
together（住在一起的）一群动物或植物
知识点（2）复习
语法：形式定语从句
They were visited by a large colony of ants
which obtained a sort of honey from
them.
They were visited by a large colony of ants
because the ants obtained a sort of
honey from them.
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near
East, where people first learned to
write.
We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near
East, because people first learned to
write there.
Don’t sit on the chair because it has a
broken leg.
Don’t sit on the chair which has a broken
leg.
I have to be very careful not to offend the manager
because he could give me the sack at
any time.
I have to be very careful not to offend the manager
who could give me the sack at any time.
知识点（3）Lesson12
a sort of = a kind of …
1.一种、某种…；2.有些像……的；……般的 ；（此处课文指得是第2种含义）
We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort
of paradise where the sun always shines.
In spite of this, the Italians regarded him as a
sort of hero.
Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn
added to libraries: the growth of knowledge followed a
kind of compound interest law, which was greatly
enhanced by the invention of printing.
I
immediately embarked on an experiment which even though it failed to get
rid of the ants kept me fascinated for 24 hours.
语法分析:
I immediately embarked on an experiment which, even though it
failed to get rid of the ants（让步状语从句）, kept me
fascinated for twenty-four hours. （which...定语从句，修饰）
知识点（1）Lesson46
embark on / upon sth.
1.上船；2.开始某个工作、任务
知识点（2）Lesson28
get rid of … 赶走……，打发走……
I
bound the base of the tree with sticky tape, making it impossible for
the ants to reach the aphides.
知识点（1）
base of …的底部
The
tape was so sticky that they did not dare to cross it.
For
a long time, I watched them scurrying around the base of the tree in
bewilderment.
知识点（1）
scurry v. run with short quick steps 小步快跑
知识点（2）Lesson38
bewilder v. 令人迷惑，令人晕头转向
bewildering adj. 令人迷惑的，令人昏头转向的
语法注意：表示“感情”的名词和介词在一起做状语，大多数用in
in bewilderment / confusion
in surprise
in horror in despair
in a panic …
I
even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with satisfaction (and
surprise) that the ants were still swarming around the sticky tape
without being able to do anything about it.
语法分析:
I even went out at midnight with a torch and noted with
satisfaction (and surprise)（状语前置） that the ants were
still swarming around the sticky tape without being able to do
anything about it. （that… 宾语从句）
知识点（1）
with satisfaction = satisfiedly
with ease = easily
with delight = delightedly
with a smile = smilingly
with pride = proudly
with attention = attentively
with confidence = confidently
with reluctance = reluctantly
知识点（2）
swarm v. 英文解释：When insects
swarm, they come together in a large group 昆虫聚集
知识点（3）
do something about …英文解释：to do something in
order to deal with a problem or difficult situation
解决，处理（问题或困难）
【复习】Lesson2
there is nothing … can do about …
对某问题某人无能为力
'That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all
right, but I'm afraid that at one o'clock it will strike thirteen times
and there's nothing I can do about it.'
I
got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given up in
despair.
语法分析:
I got up early next morning hoping to find that the ants had given
up in despair （that… 宾语从句）（非谓语动词做原因状语).
Instead, I
saw that they had discovered a new route.
知识点（1）Lesson24
Instead of …, however, … 本该……，结果却……
instead (,) … 结果却……
They
were climbing up the wall of the house and then on to the leaves of the
tree.
知识点（1）
on to … = onto … 到……上面去
I
realized sadly that I had been completely defeated by their
ingenuity.
The
ants had been quick to find an answer to my thoroughly unscientific
methods!
知识点（1）Lesson21
be quick to do:
【idiom】英文解释：to react quickly to what someone
says or does 很快就……
知识点（2）
an answer to sth英文解释： a
solution to sth. 问题的解决方案