(第一段)
Pollution
is the price we pay for an overpopulated, overindustrialized
planet.
语法分析:
Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over
industrialized planet(定语从句).
知识点(1)
写作题材:“污染”
话题:环境污染正在变得越来越严重
Environmental pollution is becoming increasingly
serious.
Environmental pollution is a serious problem /
issue.
Environmental pollution is a global problem /
issue.
Environmental pollution is an issue that crosses the national
boundaries.
话题: 我们应该关注环境问题
We should pay attention to the issue of environmental
pollution.
We should show concern for environmental pollution.
We should attach more importance / significance to
the issue of environmental pollution.
We should make efforts to tackle the problem of environmental
pollution.
知识点(2)
… be the price sb. pay for …
某个东西是某人为某事付出的代价
造句:沙尘暴 (dust storm) 是我们为过度砍伐 (tree
felling) 付出的代价。
Dust storms are the price we pay for
excessive tree felling.
造句:这次事故是他为疏忽
(negligence)付出的代价。
The accident is the price he pays for his
negligence.
be a small price to pay for sth.
(Lesson18)对…来说是很小的代价
be a high price to pay for sth.
对…来说是很高的代价
When
you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with
rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again,
attempt to produce less of it.
语法分析:
When you come to think about it(时间状语从句), there are only four
ways you can deal with rubbish(定语从句,修饰): dump
it(做four ways的同位语), burn
it(做four ways的同位语), turn
it(做four ways的同位语) into something you can use
again(定语从句,修饰something), attempt to produce
less of it.
知识点(1)Lesson14、38、42
come to do
1.开始做某事;2.逐渐慢慢做某事;3.无意的、意外的、碰巧做某事
When you come to think(开始做某事)
about it …
Future historians will be in a unique position when they
come to record(开始做某事) the history of our
own times.
He soon made a name for himself and came to
be(逐渐慢慢的) known to the Italians as Giovanni
Acuto.
A body came to
be(无意的、意外的、碰巧做某事) found under the
bridge.
知识点(2)
语法:列举句型
… there are only four ways …
there are ... ways(方式) / kinds(种类) /
sorts(种类) / types(种类) / categories(种类)
/ classes(种类) ...
【扩展】
fall into ... categories (列举)分成不同种类
be divided into ... classes
(列举)被分成…的类别
Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided
into three classes: those who are
toiled to death, those who are worried to
death, and those who are bored to
death.
知识点(3)复习
deal with 处理
【近义词组】表达“处理”:
dispose of rubbish / garbage
rubbish / garbage disposal
知识点(4)
… turn it into something you can use again…
We
keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we produce
worldwide threatens to overwhelm us.
语法分析:
We keep trying all four methods, but(并列) the sheer volume
of rubbish we produce worldwide(定语从句) threatens to overwhelm
us.
知识点(1)
sheer (语气词,强调数量大)
the sheer volume of sth. (数量)巨量的、海量的
the sheer size of sth. (尺寸)巨量的
知识点(2)复习
threaten to do 1.(人做主语)威胁做某事;2.
(物做主语)有…的威胁
【扩展】
promise to do 1.(人做主语)承诺做某事;2.
(物做主语)有…的可能
(第二段)
Rubbish,
however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.
知识点(1)Lesson35、41
语法:当 “part of”
之前没有形容词修饰时,通常不加不定冠词 “a”
Justice is part of the complex machinery
of the law.
Part of the building was destroyed in the
fire.
Falling over is part of learning how to
ski.
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part
of the picture.
Memory loss is a normal
part of the aging process.
… so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is
bound to be a natural part of
the universe.
The
need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a
different kind of pollution.
语法分析:
The need to produce ever-increasing quantities of cheap food
(动词不定式做定语) leads to a different kind of pollution.
知识点(1)Lesson38
ever increasing 不断增加
【近似词组】表达“不断地”
… evidence that steadily accumulates
… the ever-accumulating evidence
the world that steadily changes
the ever-changing world
the knowledge that steadily
grows
the ever-growing knowledge
the economy that steadily
develops
the ever-developing economy
the market that steadily expands
the ever-expanding market
the reform that steadily deepens
the ever-deepening reform
the resources that steadily
dwindle
the ever-dwindling resources
造句:满足人们不断增长的物质和文化生活需求的需要
the need to satisfy people’s
ever-increasing demands for material and
cultural life.
知识点(2)Lesson5、33
leads to 导致;通向
Industriallized
farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and
chicken.
知识点(1)
farming n.养殖
pig farming
cattle farming
chicken farming
poultry farming
livestock farming
farm v.养殖
知识点(2)
写作:押韵
produce cheap meat
products
assist burglars to
burgle
live a ...
life
sing a
song
breathe one’s last
breath
die a glorious
death
知识点(2)
chicken 1.小鸡(可数);2.鸡肉(不可数)
lamb 1.羊羔(可数);2.羔羊肉(不可数)
turkey 1.火鸡(可数);2. 火鸡肉(不可数)
duck 1.鸭子(可数);2. 鸭子肉(不可数)
lobster 1.龙虾(可数);2. 龙虾肉(不可数)
...
The
use of pesticides and fertilizers produces cheap grain and
vegetables.
The
price we pay for cheap food may be already too high: Mad Cow Disease
(BSE) in cattle, salmonella in chicken and eggs, and listeria in dairy
products.
语法分析:
The price we pay for cheap food(定语从句) may be already too high:
Mad Cow Disease (BSE) in cattle(做The price的同位语),
salmonella in chicken and eggs(做The price的同位语), and
wisteria in dairy products(做The price的同位语).
知识点(1)
… be the price sb. pay for …
某个东西是某人为某事付出的代价
the price sb. pay for ...
【扩展】表达“代价”相关:
The precious information came at a
price(付出代价).
The precious information came at a heavy
price(付出沉重的代价)..
She is determined to have a child at any
price(不惜一切代价)..
at the expense of ... 以损害…为代价
Military strength is often achieved at the expense
of a country’s economic health.
The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the
nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to
help farmers at the expense of other
citizens.
知识点(2)
【总结】【复习】本身是复数的名词:
cattle
people
police
知识点(3)
【辨析】
dairy 奶制品
dairy products
dairy cattle
diary 日记
【扩展】字母改变顺序的单词:
angle / angel
altitude / latitude
aboard / abroad
知识点(4)【课文仿写】
造句:我们为人口过多付出的代价可能已经太高了:失业现象,各种各样的污染,以及越来越多的
(ever-increasing) 犯罪。
The price we pay for overpopulation may be already too high:
unemployment, pollution of all kinds, and the ever-increasing
crime.
And
if you think you'll abandon meat and become a vegetarian, you have the
choice of very expensive organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet
of pesticides every time you think you're eating fresh salads and
vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of water!
语法分析:
And(连接上一句话,表相关) if(条件状语从句) you think you'll
abandon meat and become a vegetarian(宾语从句),
you have the choice of very expensive
organically-grown vegetables or a steady diet of
pesticides(固定搭配choice of … or…)
every time you think you're eating fresh salads
and vegetables, or just having an innocent glass of
water(宾语从句)!(every time… 时间状语)
知识点(1)
have the choice of A or B 在A和B之间选一个
知识点(2)
organically-grown 有机栽培的
【扩展】
environment-friendly 环保的
知识点(3)
steady adj.稳定的,持续的
知识点(4)
every time (when) ... (every
time可以看作连词,也可以看作名词time做状语加when引导的定语从句)每当
= whenever ...
= no matter when ...
知识点(5)
innocent adj. harmless, innocuous 无害的、无毒的
知识点(6)【课文仿写】
造句: 如果你想放弃开车, 那么你可以两者选一:
或者是慢得出奇 (extraordinarily slow) 的公共汽车,或者是过分拥挤
(over-crowded) 的地铁。
If you think you’ll abandon the car, you have the choice of the
extraordinarily slow buses or the over-crowded subway.
(第三段)
However,
there is an even more insidious kind of pollution that particularly
affects urban area and invades our daily lives, and that is noise.
语法分析:
However(插入语), there is an even more insidious
kind of pollution that particularly affects urban areas and invades our
daily lives(宾语从句), and that is noise.
知识点(1)【课文仿写】
造句: 有一种更为隐蔽有害的侵略,
它尤其影响人们的思维模式 (mode of thought) 并侵犯当地的传统,
那就是文化侵略。
There is an even more insidious kind of aggression that
particularly affects people’s mode of thought and invades local
tradition, and that is cultural aggression.
Burglar
alarms going off at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy
passers-by and actually assist burglars to burgle.
语法分析:
Burglar alarms going off at any time of the day or
night(非谓语动词做后置定语,修饰alarms) serve only to annoy passers-by
and actually assist burglars to burgle.
知识点(1)
go off 发出巨大的声音
The alarm clock went off.
The gun went off accidentally.
The bomb went off at midnight.
【总结】【复习】声音动词
ring 门铃、电话响
strike 当当当的响
blare 车喇叭声音
roar / thunder 呼啸的声音
whine 机器轰鸣声
知识点(2)Lesson25
serve to do 发挥某个作用
serve as ... 某个东西发挥某个作用
Car
alarms constantly scream at us in the street and are a source of
profound irritation.
知识点(1)Lesson15
a source of 来源
A
recent survey of the effects of noise revealed (surprisingly? ) that
dogs barking incessantly in the night rated the highest form of noise
pollution on a scale ranging from 1 to 7.
语法分析:
A recent survey of the effects of noise(后置定语) revealed
(surprisingly? (插入语)) that dogs barking
incessantly in the night(后置定语) rated the highest form of noise
pollution on a scale(状语) ranging from
one to seven(后置定语). (that…
宾语从句)
知识点(1)
survey / poll /
opinion poll 民意测验
【扩展】
census (官方的)统计;人口普查;人口调查
investigation (正式的)调查,侦查
知识点(2)
rate v.评定…
知识点(3)
on a scale 在这样一个级别里面
(书上翻译有误)
知识点(4)
range from A to B 在A到B的范围内
= range between A and B
The
survey revealed a large number of sources of noise that we really
dislike.
Lawn
mowers whining on a summer's day, late-night parties in apartment
blocks, noisy neighbours, vehicles of all kinds, especially large
container trucks thundering through quiet villages, planes and
helicopters flying overhead, large radios carried round in public places
and played at maximum volume.
语法分析:
(整句话都是名词短语,作为前一句noise的同位语,前面用逗号比较合适)
Lawn mowers whining on a summer's day(后置定语), late-night
parties in apartment blocks(后置定语), noisy neighbors,
vehicles of all kinds, especially large container trucks thundering
through quiet villages(后置定语), planes and helicopters flying
overhead(后置定语), large radios carried round in public
places(后置定语) and played at maximum
volume(后置定语).
知识点(1)
apartment block 公寓大楼
office block 办公大楼
New
technology has also made its own contribution to noise.
A
lot of people object to mobile phones, especially when they are used in
public places like restaurant or on public transport.
知识点(1)
object to + n. 反对某事
= oppose + n.
【扩展】
protest (against) + n. 示威、抗议
boycott + n. 抵制某事
【扩展】【反义】
support / back + n. 支持某事
be behind + n. 支持某人某事
stand by + n. 支持某人某事
advocate / endorse + n.
公开支持、公开鼓吹
知识点(2)
public transport 公共交通工具
= public transportation
= buses, trains etc.
Loud
conversations on mobile phones invade our thoughts or interrupt the
pleasure of meeting friends for a quiet chat.
知识点(1)
on mobile phones on 使用
知识点(2)
mobile phone 手机
= cell / cellular phone
The
noise pollution survey revealed a rather surprising and possibly amusing
old-fashioned source of noise.
It turned out to be snoring!
Men were found to be
the worst offenders.
It
was revealed that 20% of men in their mid-thirties snore.
知识点(1)
mid-thirties 三十岁中期
early thirties 三十岁早期
late thirties 三十岁晚期
This
figure rises to a staggering 60% of men in their 60s.
知识点(1)Lesson8
rise / increase / jump / soar /
rocket / spiral to... 上升到
fall / drop / plunge / dive /
plummet to ... 下降到
Against
these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore regularly, while
the rest are constantly woken or kept awake by their trumpeting
partners.
知识点(1)
against … 与…相比
= compared to / with ...
= in / by comparison to / with
...
= in / by contrast to / with
...
A as against B is as C against D
A和B相比就如同C和D相比一样
The military power of the US, as against that
of DPRK, is as the strength
of an
elephant against that of a
mouse.
Whatever
the source of noise, one thing is certain: silence, it seems, has become
a golden memory.
知识点(1)
语法:whatever 引导让步状语从句时,常省略 be
动词。
Whatever the source of noise (is), one
thing is certain : ......
After all, whatever her faults (are), she
is your mother.
The country is always beautiful whatever the season
(is).
知识点(2)Lesson9
a golden memory 金子般的回忆
a golden opportunity 金子般的机会