(第一段)
The
word justice is usually associated with courts of law.
知识点(1) lesson23
be associated with …
与…联系起来(抽象的联系,不表示物理的连接)
【近义词组】表达“把…连接起来”:
be associated with … (抽象的)
be related with / to …(抽象的)
be connected with / to …
(抽象的,物理的)
be linked with / to …
(抽象的,物理的)
知识点(2)
court of law 法庭
知识点(3) 【课文仿写】
造句:成功这个词常常与勤奋联系到一起。
The word success is usually associated with diligence.
造句:软弱这个词常常与女人联系到一起,然而这却不总是实情。
Frailty, thy name is woman. Yet this is not always the
case.
The word frailty is usually associated with woman, yet this is
not always the case.
We
might say that justice has been done when a man's innocence or guilt has
been proved beyond doubt.
语法分析:
We might say that justice has been done(宾语从句) when a
man's innocence or guilt has been proved beyond
doubt(介词短语当状语) (when…时间状语从句).
知识点(1)
beyond (any) doubt 毫无疑问的、确凿无疑的
beyond + n. 无法……; 不容……
The situation is beyond my control.
(超出了我的控制)
The rumor is beyond belief.
(无法令人相信的)
The results are beyond dispute /
controversy. (不容争辩的)
Her beauty is beyond words /
description. (无法形容的)
His conduct is beyond reproach /
criticism. (无可指摘的)
The pain is beyond human endurance.
(无法忍受的)
Working with you is beyond my wildest
dreams. (梦寐以求的)
Justice is
part of the complex machinery of the law.
知识点(1)
语法:当 “part of”
之前没有形容词修饰时,通常不加不定冠词 “a”
Part of the building was destroyed in the
fire.
Falling over is part of learning how to
ski.
This idyllic pastoral scene is only part
of the picture.
Memory loss is a normal
part of the aging process.
… so vast is the number of planets, that intelligent life is
bound to be a natural part of
the universe.
知识点(2)
machinery 含义 1. [U] n.
organization or structure 组织,机构,体系
machinery of … …体系、…组织
machinery for … 发挥…功能的组织
machinery 含义 2. [U] n. machines
机器
【扩展】Lesson6、Lesson21
可数 不可数
machine machinery
jewel jewelry / jewellery
scene scenery
weapon weaponry
poem poetry
Those
who seek it, undertake an arduous journey and can never be sure that
they will find it.
语法分析:
Those who seek it(定语从句) undertake an arduous journey and
can never be sure that they will find
it(形容词补足语).
知识点(1) Lesson27
seek 追求、想得到某个东西
知识点(2)
arduous journey 艰巨的旅行
知识点(3) 【课文仿写】
Judges,
however wise or eminent, are human and can make mistakes.
语法分析:
Judges, however wise or eminent(让步状语从句), are human and
can make mistakes.
知识点(1)
语法:状语从句主语与主句主语统一时,主语和be动词可以同时省略
…, however wise or eminent (they are),
课文不全
… Metals expand when (they are) heated.
While (he was) on a walking tour with his wife,
he stopped to talk to a workman.
知识点(2) 【课文仿写】
造句:年轻人, 无论多么年轻,多么没有经验
(inexperienced),也应该受到尊重。
Young men, however young or inexperienced, should be treated with
respect.
造句: 罪犯, 无论有多么残忍 (cruel) 或邪恶
(vicious),也是人,而且应该人道主义地(humanely) 对待他们。
Criminals, however cruel or vicious, are human and should be
treated humanely.
(第二段)
There
are rare instances when justice almost ceases to be an abstract
concept.
知识点(1) Lesson14、Lesson27
there are rare instances when …
偶然的、个别情况下
= occasionally
there are instances when … 有时候
= there are times when …
= sometimes
there was a time when … 曾几何是
= once
知识点(2)
cease to do / doing: stop doing
停止做某事、不再做某事
区别:
cease to do 一般表示状态
cease doing 可以是正在做的可延续的动作
【辨析】
stop doing 不再做某事
stop to do 停下手头的事去做另外一件事
Please stop smoking. Smoke really bothers
me. 停止抽烟
I’m exhausted. Let’s stop to
smoke.停下来去抽烟
Stop to smell the flowers.
知识点(3)
abstract
adj. 抽象的;深奥的
【反义词】
concrete / solid
adj. 具体的
知识点(4) 【课文仿写】
Reward
or punishment are meted out quite independent of human
interference.
语法分析:
Reward or punishment
are(谓语动词,复数含义) meted out quite
independent of human interference(非谓语动词作状语).
知识点(1)
语法:or连接两个名词做主语,后面的谓语动词的单三形式一般就近原则;课文中两个都包含了,有复数的含义
知识点(2)
mete sth. ⇔ out (to sb.) give or administer
(punishment, rewards, etc) 给予,加以(奖、惩等)
知识点(3) lesson9
be independent of … 独立于…、不依赖于…
quite independent of …
在完全没有……的情况下(独自)……
造句:计算机可以在完全没有人类干预的情况下发现潜在的问题并将其解决。
Computers can find out potential problems and solve them quite
independent of human interference.
造句:这个小男孩在完全没有父母帮助的情况下独立完成了这个拼图游戏
(jigsaw puzzle)。
The little boy finished the jigsaw puzzle quite independent of
his parents’ assistance.
At such times,
justice acts like a living force.
living (做定语)活着的;活的
When
we use a phrase like 'it serves him right', we are, in part, admitting
that a certain set of circumstances has enabled justice to act of its
own accord.
语法分析:
When we use a phrase like 'it serves him
right'(介词短语,修饰phrase) (时间状语从句), we are, in
part(插入语), admitting that a certain set of circumstances
has enabled justice to act of its own accord.
(that…宾语从句)
知识点(1)
【近义词组】表达“罪有应得、活该…”:
知识点(2)
in part 某种程度上
= partly
= to some degree
The accident was due in part to the bad
weather.
6级阅读真题:
Public distrust of scientists stems in
part from the blurring of boundaries between science and
technology, between discovery and manufacture.
Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in
part due to racism in the health establishment.
【扩展】
for one’s part 对某人来说
on the part of … / on one’s part
(动作的发出者)前面的事是…做的
It was a mistake on my part.
我造成的错误
It was a mistake on the part of the
authorities.政府造成的错误
考研阅读真题:
It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a
charitable impulse on the part of the settlers.
It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the
stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And
someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.
知识点(3)
enable sb. to do 使某人做某事
of one’s own accord 主动、自愿的做某事
(第三段)
When
a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewellery store one
morning, the shop assistants must have found it impossible to resist the
temptation to say 'it serves him right'.
语法分析:
When a thief was caught on the premises of a large jewellery
store(地点状语) one
morning(时间状语从句内的时间状语)(when…时间状语从句), the
shop assistants must have found it(形式宾语) impossible to
resist the temptation to say(后置定语,修饰temptation)
'it serves him right'. (to…真正宾语)
知识点(1)
premises n. [plural] the buildings and land that a
shop, restaurant, company etc. uses 房屋建筑物,经营场所
on the premises 在经营场所内部
off the premises 在经营场所之外
知识点(2)
find it(形式宾语)
impossible
to(to…do...真正宾语) resist the
temptation to do … 忍不住做某事
造句: 当我看到那只迷人的 (fascinating) 玩具熊
(teddy bear) 的时候,我忍不住买了下来。
When I saw that fascinating teddy bear, I found it
impossible to resist the temptation to buy it.
can’t help doing … 忍不住做某事
can’t help but do … 忍不住做某事
The
shop was an old converted house with many large, disused fireplaces and
tall, narrow chimneys.
语法分析:
The shop was an old converted house with many large, disused
fireplaces and tall, narrow chimneys.
(介词短语当后置定语,修饰house)
知识点(1)
disused adj. 废弃不用的
unused adj. 未使用过的
Towards
midday, a girl heard a muffled cry coming from behind one of the
walls.
知识点(1)
towards / toward prep. near (a point
in time) 临近(某一时间)
Toward the end of the afternoon it began
to rain.
After having been wounded towards the end
of the war, he had been sent to hospital and was separated from his
unit.
知识点(2)
muffle v. to make a sound less loud and clear,
especially by covering
something;压抑(声音);使(声音)降低;使听不清
muffled adj. muffled sounds cannot be heard clearly,
for example because they come from behind a door or
wall;沉闷的;压抑的;模糊不清的
知识点(3)lesson10
语法:副词和介词短语都可以作介词的宾语
There is a fine view from here.
I heard them calling me from
below.
Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound
from below, and the
captain went down to see what had happened.
They have just returned from
abroad.
I took my watch from under the
pillow.
He picked up the gun from behind
the counter.
I live near
here.
We didn’t meet until after the
show.
The weather has been fine except
in the north.
As
the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell the manager who
promptly rang up the fire brigade.
语法分析:
As the cry was repeated several times(原因状语从句), she ran to tell
the manager who promptly rang up the fire
brigade(定语从句,充当并列句).
知识点(1)复习
语法复习:定语从句发挥并列句的作用。
课文并列句形式:
As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell
the manager and the manager
promptly rang up the fire brigade.
As the cry was repeated several times, she ran to tell
the manager who promptly rang up the
fire brigade.
John went to see his bank manager and the
manager sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special
department of the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated
Ladies!
John went to see his bank manager who
sent the remains of wallet and the money to the special department of
the Bank of England in Newcastle: the Mutilated Ladies!
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few
minutes later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the
letter and he proceeded to read it to the
prisoner.
Much to the aristocrat's amusement, the gaoler returned a few
minutes later with a pair of glasses and the usual copy of the
letter which he proceeded to read to the
prisoner.
知识点(2) lesson14
promptly adv. 1. immediately 立即、立刻
If the money was not paid promptly, the
gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his
shop.
And he promptly handed the sheet of paper
to the gaoler.
promptly adv. 2. punctually 准时的
知识点(3)
ring / call / phone sb. ⇔ up
给某人打电话
She uses the office phone to ring up her
friends in Sweden.
John called him
up to make sure of the date of the graduation
ceremony.
I'll phone the manager
up tomorrow.
知识点(4)lesson15
the fire brigade / department
消防队
fireman / firefighter / fire
fighter 消防员
The
cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as there were so
many of them, the firemen could not be certain which one it was.
语法分析:
The cry had certainly come from one of the chimneys, but as
there were so many of them(原因状语从句), the fire fighters could not
be certain which one it was(形容词补足语).
They
located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and listening for the
man's cries.
语法分析:
They located the right chimney by tapping at the walls and
listening for the man's cries. (by…方式状语)
知识点(1)
locate v. discover the exact position or place of
sb. / sth. 找出 … 的准确位置;确定 …
的准确地点
知识点(2)
tap v. to hit your fingers lightly on something, for
example to get sb.'s attention 轻敲;轻拍;轻叩
tap at / on … 轻拍某个东西
Someone tapped at / on the
door.
A sound made by tapping on the hull of a
ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, …
tap sb. on the shoulder / arm
/ chest etc. 轻拍某人的…
知识点(3)
listen (out) for sth. wait alertly in order to hear
(a sound) 留神等着听(某声音)
知识点(4)
写作注意:用词准确、简洁,locate、tap、listen
for
中式英语:不好的演示
对比课文原文:
中式英语:不好的演示
对比课文原文:
After
chipping through a wall which was 18 inches thick, they found that a man
had been trapped in the chimney.
语法分析:
After chipping through a wall which was eighteen inches
thick(定语从句) (After…介词短语引导时间状语), they found
that a man had been trapped in the chimney(宾语从句).
知识点(1)
chip 凿
知识点(2)
trap v. to prevent sb. from leaving a place,
especially a dangerous place 困住
Twenty miners were trapped
underground.
Dozens of people were trapped in the
rubble when the building collapsed.
There's no way out! We're
trapped!
【近义词组】
be / get stuck 卡住了
A crowd of people gathered round him and a lady rubbed his arm
with soap and butter, but George was firmly
stuck.
The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at
once that he had tried to break into the shop during the night but had
got stuck in the chimney.
be cornered 被逼到绝境、使走投无路
be kept in … 被关在…
be imprisoned 被关到监狱
As
it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but the fire
fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a huge hole in the
wall.
语法分析:
As it was extremely narrow, the man was unable to move, but
the fire fighters were eventually able to free him by cutting a
huge hole in the wall(方式状语).
知识点(1)
句式:
知识点(2)
free
The
sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged, admitted at once that he
had tried to break into the shop during the night but had got stuck in
the chimney.
语法分析:
The sorry-looking, blackened figure that emerged(定语从句),
admitted at once that he had tried to break into the shop during the
night but had got stuck in the chimney.
(that…宾语从句)
知识点(1)
sorry adj. feeling ashamed or unhappy about
something bad you have done 歉疚;惭愧;过意不去
知识点(2)
复合形容词:
the sorry-looking, blackened figure
满面羞愧的
a very modern-looking woman
摩登的
an interesting-looking carved dagger
看起来有趣的
an ugly-looking black goat
看起来丑陋的
知识点(3)
blacken v. to become black, or make something black
变黑、使变黑
知识点(4)
figure n. someone with a particular type of
appearance or character, especially when they are far away or difficult
to see (远处人的)轮廓;(隐约可见的)人影
In the torchlight, he caught sight of a
figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill
Wilkins, our local grocer.
A farm worker, who stayed up all night, claimed to have seen a
figure cutting corn in the moonlight.
知识点(5)
break into sth. to enter a building or car by using
force, in order to steal sth.
强行闯入;撬开(汽车等)
break in: to enter a building by using force, in
order to steal sth. 强行进入;破门而入
force an entry: 强行闯入
He had been there for
nearly ten hours.
Justice
had been done even before the man was handed over to the police.
hand sb. over to …: give a prisoner to another group
of people, especially the police or the people in authority in another
country 移交囚犯