（第一段）
Boxing
matches were very popular in England 200 years ago.
知识点（一）
race 竞速比赛
match【英】 / game【美】
对垒比赛
contest 强调由裁判打分的比赛
open 公开赛
tournament
n. 锦标赛，联赛；比赛
championship
n. 锦标赛；冠军称号；冠军的地位
games
n. 比赛（game的复数形式）
the Olympic Games
the Goodwill Games
In
those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
知识点（一）
in those days 想当初（必须加in）
Though in those days, traveling was not
as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across
the Channel from Europe.
In those days wandering minstrels were
welcome everywhere.
时间状语“当今，现如今”： 指当今没有介词“in”
these days
today
nowadays
in this day and age
知识点（二）
with bare fists 赤手空拳
with naked fists 赤手空拳
with one’s bare hands（强调没有武器）赤手空拳
Because of
this, they were known as 'prizefighters'.
知识点（一）
表示“因为”连词：
because … 连词
since … 表“因为”是连词
as… 表“因为”连词
for …
表“因为”既可以是连词，也可以是介词，不能在句首，放在主句后面
in that… 连词，不能在句首，放在主句后面
now (that) … 表“因为”，同时又强调“现在”
表示“因为”介词：
because of …
by reason of…
due to …
owing to …
thanks to …
on account of …
A．She doesn’t like the professor very much.
B．She doubts class will be canceled.
C．She doesn’t want to attend the conference.
D．She wonders whether the professor is an accountant.
M: Do you think professor Smith will cancel class on account
of the special conference?
W: Not likely.
Q: What does the woman mean?
Answer: (B) She doubts class will be canceled.
知识点（二）
know A as B 把A成为B
refer to A as B 把A成为B
call A B 把A成为B
address A as B 把A成为B
老友记
Elizabeth: This is my father, Paul Stevens. Dad, this is Ross
Geller.
Ross: It’s great to meet you Paul.
Paul: I usually prefer Elizabeth’s boyfriends to
address me as Mr.
Stevens.
Ross: Of course, of course, Mr. Stevens.
课后题Lesson4 page29
12．He wanted to be ___A___ ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not ‘Alf. (11.15-16)
(a) addressed as (b) named (c) cried out (d)
shouted
However,
boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a
prize-fighter could be seriously injured or
even killed during a match.
知识点（一）
表示“野蛮，残酷，暴力”：
crude
adj. 粗糙的；天然的，未加工的；粗鲁的
..., boxing was very cruel, …
adj. 残酷的，残忍的；使人痛苦的，让人受难的；无情的，严酷的
..., boxing was very brutal, …
adj. 残忍的；野蛮的，不讲理的
..., boxing was very violent, …
adj. 暴力的；猛烈的
..., boxing was very bloody, …
adj. 血腥的；非常的；嗜杀的，残忍的；血色的
知识点（二）
be seriously injured 受到重伤
（第二段）
One
of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who
was born in 1764.
colorful: interesting, exciting, vivid
adj. 华美的；有趣的；富有色彩的
figure: character, personality
n. 数字；人物；图形；价格；（人的）体形；画像
8．One of the most ___A___ in boxing history was ... (11.6-7)
(a) vivid personalities (b) famous people (c)
painted images (d) imaginative characters
The
use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the
Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules.
知识点（一）
introduce v. 开始推行；开始采用
知识点（二）
名词正式表达
知识点（三）
draw up 起草
知识点（四）
… not … until …, when … 直到…才
Though
he was technically a prize-fighter, Mendoza did much to change
crude prize-fighting into a sport, for he brought science
to the game.
do much / a lot / a great deal to …
在…做出了很大贡献
do little to …没有什么贡献
do nothing to … 完全没用
change … into … 把…变成…
exchange … for … 把…换成…
造句：尽管严格地说只是一本书，但圣经在把这个粗鄙的世界变成一个文明世界方面却做出了很大贡献，因为它给人类带来了信仰
(faith)。
Though it is technically a book, the Bible does much to change
the crude world into a civilized one, for it brings faith to
humanity.
In
his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich
and poor alike.
知识点（一）
somebody's day 某人鼎盛时期
知识点（二）
enjoye 享有
…, for it enjoyed a high level of
civilization.
enjoy tremendous popularity
Jay Chou enjoys tremendous popularity among the
young.
知识点（三）
the rich 富人
the poor 穷人
rich and poor （两种以上可以去掉定冠词the）
young and old （两种以上可以去掉定冠词the）
the rich and powerful (一个定冠词指一种人)
既有钱又有权
知识点（四）
alike: in the same way
知识点（五）
idol / icon 偶像
（第三段）
Mendoza
rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only 14 years
old.
rise to fame 成名，出名
10． Mendoza’s ___A___ to fame was noted by Richard Humphries. (11.1
1-12)
(a) rise (b) rose (c) raise (d) claim
make a name for oneself 成名
become famous overnight 一夜成名
This
attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most
eminent boxer in England.
表达“吸引了某人的注意”
attract / draw / catch / capture / arrest one’s
attention / the attention of sb.
He
offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
offer to do 主动提出做某事
In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men
would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would
offer to go away if protection money was paid to
them.
pupil: apprentice 课文上下文指“学徒”
指“学生”：
pupil 小学生
student 中学生/大学生
freshman 大一新生
sophomore 大二学生
junior 大三学生
senior 大四学生
alumnus 校友
alumni 校友
In
fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against
him.
知识点（一）
turn (sb.) against … 与某人反目成仇
知识点（二）
… soon became so successful that
Humphries became jealous of him.
… soon became so successful as to
arouse Humphries’ jealousy.
11．Humphries soon became ___A___ Mendoza’s success. (11.13-14)
(a) jealous of (b) disinterested in (c) revolted by (d) changed
by
The
two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could
only be settled by a fight.
It is / was clear / obvious /
apparent that …
A
match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an
hour.
语法：前半句的末尾是后半句的成分，并列句改成状语从句，形式上的定语从句，发挥并列句的作用。
A match was held at Stilton, and both men fought for an hour
there.
The
public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
表达“失败”
…, but he was defeated.
…, but he was beaten.
…, but he failed.
…, but he lost.
课文中“失败”的替换：
The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but
he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the
ring on a later occasion and he lost for a
second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he
finally beat Humphries and became Champion of
England.
We finally won that team. X
错误表达
We finally beat that team. √
We finally defeated that team. √
We finally won the game. √赢得
We finally won the prize. √赢得
Mendoza
met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second
time.
知识点（一）
ring: boxing ring 拳击台
知识点（二）
on / upon the occasion
在这个场合中
知识点（三）
for a second time = for
another time
在学术次前加a/an表示又一次
It
was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat
Humphries and became Champion of England.
知识点（一）
单词辨析
champion
champagne
知识点（二）
语法：（强调句，强调时间状语）
it was not until … that … and …
造句：直到 1776
年美国人民才最终获得了解放并且成了国家的主人(master)。
It was not until the foundation of the United States of America
in 1776 that the American people were finally liberated and became
masters of the country.
Sir James Clark Ross had obtained a sounding of over 2,400
fathoms in 1839, but it was not until 1869,
when H.M.S. Porcupine was put at the disposal of
the Royal Society for several cruises, that a
series of deep soundings was obtained in the Atlantic and the
first samples were collected by dredging the bottom.
it was not until …, when …, that … and ...
Meanwhile,
he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of
his pupils.
meanwhile 与此同时
at the same time
(in the) meantime
highly successful
a highly successful play 非常成功的戏剧
Lord Byron
He
earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as ￡100 for a single
appearance.
earn enormous sums of money
Despite
this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
…, he was so extravagant that he
always owed people money.
7． He was so extravagant that he ___B___ people money. (1.20)
(a) always owed to (b) always owed (c) owed always (d) was always
owing to
owe sb sth. 欠某人某事
I owe you (one).
How much do I owe you? 我该付多少钱
走遍美国
How much do I owe you?
Well, that'll be eighteen dollars and seventy cents. No charge
for the cleanup. It's on the house.
After
he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly
forgotten.
He
was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in
1836.