The
Great St. Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy.
connect A with / to B
表“连接”的表达：
link A with / to B
join A to B （一般只表达物理连接）
表“头脑中连接想法”的表达：
connect A with / to B
link A with / to B
associate A with B
relate A to B
注意发音：
Switzerland n. 瑞士（欧洲国家）
pizza
Nazi
At
2,473 metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe.
at … 此处表达海拔高度
at an altitude of … （完整表达海拔高度）
Being at 2,473 meters, ...
课文中省略了非谓语动词
造句：4807 米的勃朗峰 (Mont Blanc)
是阿尔卑斯山脉 (the Alps) 的最高峰。
At 4,807 meters, Mont Blanc is the highest peak of the
Alps.
造句：因为只有 35
岁，他是这所大学里最年轻的教授。
At the age of 35, he is the youngest professor at the
university.
The
famous monastery of St. Bernard, which was founded in the 11th
century, lies about a mile away.
用介词of 引出地点的名称
the Aegean island of Kea
the promontory of Ayia Irini
the tiny village of Perachora
the novel of Three Kingdoms X 不能引出小说名称
the novel entitled Three Kingdoms
the movie entitled Da Vinci Code
the man named / called Vincent
found
vt. 创立，建立；创办
复习：
The body of one statue was found among remains dating
from the fifteenth century B.C.
表达“追述到”….
date from …
date back to …
can be traced back to …
…, which dates from the 11th
century, …
…, which dates back to the 11th
century, …
…, which can be traced back to the
11th century, …
lie 位于，大的地点，更强调平面感
stands 更强调立体感
An American team explored a temple which stands in
an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini.
For
hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers
crossing the dangerous Pass.
St. Bernard Dog
cross + 宾语 + 方式状语 表达
用…方式…穿越某个地方
row across the Caribbean
动词 + across + 宾语
fly across the English Channel
cross the pass on foot
= walk across the pass
cross the pass in cars
= drive across the pass
row across the Caribbean
= cross the Caribbean by boat
These
friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as
watchdogs even in Roman times.
environment-friendly adj. 环保的
ozone-friendly adj. 臭氧无害饿
表达“从…引进”
bring … from …: 从……带来……
introduce … from …: 从……引进……
..., which were introduced from Asia, …
The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain
from North America.
In the early days of the settlement of Australia, enterprising
settlers unwisely introduced the European
rabbit.
表达“用作”
be used as …
act / serve / function as …
同意替换
…, acted / served / functioned as watchdogs even
in Roman Times.
Now
that a tunnel has been built through the mountains（原因状语从句）, the
Pass is less dangerous, but （并列）each year, the dogs are still
sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in
difficulty. （让步状语从句）
now (that) conj. 同时表示时间和原因
tunnel n. 隧道，地道
the Channel Tunnel 海峡隧道
canal n. 运河
the Panama Canal 巴拿马运河
温故：疑问词 + ever 的含义
表示“到底……” 引导疑问句。
表示“无论……”引导让步状语从句。
= no matter + 疑问词
Wherever it went, it left behind it a
trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
No matter where it went, it left behind
it a trail of dead deer and small animals like rabbits.
…, the dogs are still sent out into the snow no matter
when a traveller is in difficulty.
知新：“疑问词+ever”表示“无论”时还可以用于名词性从句，此时
≠“no matter+ 疑问词”， 因为后者只能用于让步状语从句。
Whoever wants to sign up for the course (主语从句) is welcome.
√
No matter who wants to sign up for the course is welcome. X
缺少主语
No matter who wants to sign up for the course,（让步状语从句）
he is welcome. √
Whatever project he works on （主语从句）is always
successful.
No matter what project he works on（让步状语从句）,
it is always successful.
Despite
the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross
the Pass on foot.
表达“设法、努力做某事”：
attempt to do sth.
try to do sth.
make an attempt to do sth.
make an effort to do sth.
seek to do sth. (fml. 正规书面语)
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant
past is always faced with a difficult task.
I made an attempt to apologize, but Brian wouldn't even
talk to me.
Over a year passed before the first attempt was
made.
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand
the seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
… if, in a word, beauty means something, yet we must not seek
to interpret the meaning.
During
the summer months, the monastery is very busy, for it is visited by
thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars.
in cars = by car
表示“使用某种交通工具”的介词短语，“by”后要直接加单数名词；
“in”后的名词要有人称和数的变化。
As
there are so many people about（adv. 在周围）, the dogs have to be kept
in a special enclosure.
As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be …
“独立主格”替换表达：
(With) so many people (being) about, the dogs have to be …
keep: confine 把……关起来
In
winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different.
注意：中文“的”翻译成英文不一定是“of”
life on a desert island 在沙漠的
life in the army 在军队中
life on campus 在校园中
quite adv. completely 完全，截然
The other side of the picture is quite the
opposite.
He used to sleep during the day and work at night, quite
unaware of the fact that he had become the ghost of Endley.
Long car journeys are even less pleasant, for it is quite
impossible even to read.
We live in dread not only of unpleasant insects like spiders or
wasps, but of quite harmless ones like moths.
No two sorts of birds practise quite the same sort of
flight; …
The
temperature drops to -30° and very few people attempt to cross the
Pass.
表达“下降；
drops vi. 下降；终止
fall
vi. 落下；变成；来临；减弱
plunge
vi. 突然地下降；投入；陷入；跳进
dive to . (强调骤降)
表达“上升”：
.. increase to
... rise to
... rocket to 暴涨
... soar to ... 暴涨
介词“to”表达“到”
The temperature drops by 10°.
温度下降了10度
表达“温度”：
─30°
minus 30 degrees 负30度
30 degrees below zero 零下30度
─30°C 摄氏度
minus 30 degrees Centigrade / Celsius
─30°F 华氏度
minus 30 degrees Fahrenheit
The
monks prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy.
prefer A to B 更喜欢A不喜欢B
表达”更喜欢A，而不喜欢做B”
prefer doing to doing
I prefer standing to sitting down.
托福听力：
She doesn't like to go shopping.
She went shopping yesterday.
She doesn't live near the shops.
She prefers shopping to studying.
W: Didn’t Marian go shopping with you yesterday?
M: Even if she hadn’t had a lot of studying, she would have
preferred staying home to going shopping.
Q: What does the man imply about Marian?
Answer: (A) She doesn’t like to go shopping.
prefer A rather than B
prefer to do rather than do
would rather do than do
（两件事都不好，选择一个不太差的）
I’d rather stand than sit down.
… people would rather pay large sums of money than
have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
听力真题：
She wants the man to be at the station when she arrives.
She isn’t sure which train she’ll be on.
The train will be an hour late.
She’ll leave home at 6:30.
M: It says here the next train is due in at 6:30.
W: I know, but I don’t know whether I can make that one. I’d rather
call you from the station than have you waiting around for an hour.
Q: What does the woman imply?
Answer: (B) She isn’t sure which train she’ll be on.
The
dogs have greater freedom, too, for they are allowed to wander outside
their enclosure.
表达“允许某人做某事”：
permit sb. to do
allow sb. to do
give sb. permission to do
wander: to walk aimlessly 漫无目的的闲逛
= roam n. 漫步，漫游
The
only regular visitors（常客） to the monastery in winter are
parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter.
He is one of our restaurant’s regulars. （常客）
What’ll it be?
The usual（口语表达“和往常一样”）, please.
party
n. 政党，党派；聚会，派对
a party of tourists
a search party
a rescue party
group / bunch / crowd /
band 表达“一群人”
team 表达一起工作的团队
gang 匪帮
delegation 一群代表
galaxy 一群伟人
at Christmas 介词“at”表示期间
on Christmas Day 介词“on”表示当天
on Easter Day
on weekends 周末 【美】
at weekends 周末 【英】
These
young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a
warm welcome at St. Bernard's monastery.
receive + n. 受到……; 得到……；遭到……
extend “致以”
Let’s all extend a warm welcome to our
visitors.
receive insults 遭到侮辱
receive support 得到支持
receive adequate treatment 得到充分的治疗
receive good education 受到良好教育