精讲
go to extremes to do sth
过分地……,在某方面走极端
Girls often go to extremes to lose
weight.
Some parents often go to extremes to satisfy
the needs of their children.
Alfred Bloggs went to extremes to seek the
privilege of becoming a white-collar worker.
provide sb. with sth.
= provide sth. for sb.
为某人提供某事(两个搭配,避免文章中头重脚轻,短的在前)
If you can do without the few pastoral pleasures of the country,
you will find the city can provide you with
the best that life can offer.
Colleges provide accommodation
for all first-year undergraduate
students.
offer sb. sth. 为某人提供某事(注意没有介词)
= offer sth. to sb.
They offered him a very good job, but he turned it
down.
The drama school offers places to students who can show
talent.
“表不重要的”
unimportant
trivial
trifling
insignificant
英文表达细节:短的在前
facts and statistics
fruit and vegetables
fur and feather / birds and beasts (飞禽走兽)
bed and board / food and shelter (食宿)
food, shelter, clothing and transportation
造句:某些网站常常过份地给访问者提供令人眼花缭乱的大量的信息。
Films, videos, CDs and CD-ROMS are just some of the bewildering
amount of information they will have.
Some websites often go to extremes to provide their visitors with a
bewildering amount of information.
instruct sb. in sth. 教某人某个方面的事情
instructor instruct / direct sb. to do
命令某人做某事(客观,正式场合)
order sb. to do
命令某人做某事(用在有权威的人对普通人发布的命令)
command sb. to do 命令某人做某事(军队场合)
英文表达细节:被动语态突出动作承受着
Last year a journalist(被动,突出) had been instructed
by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's
palace in a new African republic.
Some time ago, and interesting discovery(被动,突出) was
made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across
the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly
spotted by a look-out.
A radio message from the mainland (被动,突出)had been
received by the ship's captain instructing him to give up the
search.
article on / about sth. (by sb.)
关于某题材的文章
An article on / about education by Mr.
Smith.
When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and
then refused to publish it.
come/arrive 到达
The card arrived on my birthday.
A letter came for you this morning.
When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously.
造句:当 Jane 收到信时,读完第一句话就哭了。
When the letter came / arrived, Jane read the first
sentence and then cried.
数词短语
dozens of (数十)/ scores
of (数十)/ hundreds of /
thousands of / millions
of + 复数名词
tens of thousands of (数万)/
hundreds of thousands of (数十万)+
复数名词
thousands upon thousands of (成千上万)+
复数名词
lead to … 到达/导致
surround
be surround by …. 被包围….
surrounding 附近的周围的
Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the
surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy
rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as
well.
The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to
find out the exact number of steps and the height of the
wall.
Instructing做a fax的后置定语
send sb. a fax / a letter / an email / a
card 给某人发送传真…..
get / receive a fax / a letter /
an email / a card from …
find 和 find out 混淆
find out: get information 获得信息
find : 找到
She wanted to find out whether it would
be comfortable to wear.
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to
find out if, after so many performances, he had
managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
He could not find his fifty pence piece
anywhere, and what is more, he could no get his arm out.
造句:这位经理立刻给他的秘书发了一封
email,要求她了解一下即将出席会议的确切人数。
The manager at once sent his secretary an email instructing her to
find out the exact number of the people who will attend the meeting.
set out : to start a journey, especially a long
journey 动身出发
Both these ships set out from Shanghai on
June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England.
Four days after setting out, while the
Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge
iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out.
set out to do sth. begin a job, task, etc with a
particular aim or goal 开始做某事
obtain v. 获取,采集
take 表“花费”,主语是人,事物,形式主语都可以…..
I went on an excursion recently, but my trip
took me longer than I expected. (事物做主语)
Even if you travel in ideal weather, sea journeys
take a long time. (事物做主语)
It took me over half an hour to get rid
of him. (形式主语)
I took just ten minutes to solve that
problem. (人做主语)
He always takes so long to eat his
breakfast. (人做主语)
spend … on sth. / (in) doing
sth. 主语必须是人
I argued that if I spent less time
exhausting myself at exercises in the morning I would keep my
mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.
One, to my certain knowledge, spent nine
months on a novel about Kashmir, then reset the
whole thing in the Scottish Highlands.
造句:这位秘书立刻着手核实 (verify)
这些重要的事实,但是她花了很长时间才完成。The secretary immediately set
out to verify these important facts, but she took a long time to finish
it.
Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine
would soon go to press.
“与此同时”:
meanwhile (副词做状语,单独使用)
at the same time
(in the) meantime
(做名词必须加上介词短语做状语,副词单独使用)
I continued working. Meantime, he went
out shopping.
It took the police nearly an hour to get the traffic on the move
again. In the meantime, the lorry-driver had to
sweep up hundreds of broken bottles.
He sent the journalist two more faxes, but received no
reply.
one more … = another …
two more … = another two …
In another two weeks it'll be finished.
= In two more weeks it'll be finished.
He sent yet another fax informing the journalist that if
he did not reply soon he would be fired.
did not 书面语中一般不用缩写
“又一个,再一个”,语气加强
yet/still …… one more / another / bigger
…
This led to yet another angry argument.
yet/still one more example
He's given us yet/still more work to do.
Inflation had risen to a yet/still higher level.
托福听力:
A. The train will be overheated when it arrives.
B. It is too hot to wait any longer.
C. They are going to be late again.
D. They will have to schedule another dinner.
听力原文:
M: They said the train won't arrive until nine.
W: Well, what that boils down to is yet another delay
in our schedule.
问题:
Q: What does the woman mean?
答案:
Answer: (C) They are going to be late again.
inform sb. of sth.
inform sb. that …
(介词去掉,that不用在介词后)
in that …复合连词 = because
but / except that … 除了什么之外
The kidnapper sent yet another anonymous letter informing the old
lady that if she called the police she would never see her son
again.
reluctantly = unwillingly 不情愿的
I did not fancy the idea and I
reluctantly followed Robert out of the
room.
The country was drawn unwillingly into
the war.
造句:当再一次未能得到签证 (visa)
时,我们不情愿地按照原计划在国内旅行 (go on a domestic
journey)。
When we again failed to get visas, we reluctantly went on a domestic
journey as it had originally been planned.
“不但…… 而且”
not only … but also …
not only … but …
not only … but … as well
This hobby educates one not only in the chosen subject,
but also in general matters which have some bearing on
it.
At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship
that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she
had sixteen water-tight compartments.
These days, advertisers not only offer free samples
but free cars, free houses, and free trips round the world as
well.
语法:部分倒装:只把助动词,be
动词(之前没有其他助动词)或情态动词置于主语之前。
1、否定词位于句首(如:not only, not until, neither,
nor, never, hardly, barely, scarcely, few, little, rarely, seldom, under
no circumstances, in no way, …)。
Not only had the poor man been
arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. Nor is
the city without its moments of beauty.
Neither was I surprised when the
train stopped at Widley, a tiny station a few miles along the
line.
Never have I seen such a good
movie.
Not until yesterday did little
John change his mind.
Under no circumstances should
you lend Paul any money.
2、“only + 状语” 位于句首。
only + 普通状语 :只有….才
only + 时间状语 :只到….才
Only then did he realize that he was mistaken. (only +
时间状语)
Only by working hard can we succeed in doing anything.
(only + 普通状语)
Only after a baby seal is pushed into the sea by
its mother will it learn how to swim. (only +
时间状语从句)
Only when he saw that the man was
actually telephoning the police did he realize that
they had all been the victims of a hoax. only +
时间状语从句)
3、such, so, well, often, many a time
等表示程度、频率的副词位于句首。
Such is human nature, that a
great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the
privilege of becoming white-collar workers.
So great is our passion for
doing things for ourselves, that we are becoming increasingly less
dependent on specialized labour.
Well did I know him and well did
he know me.
often did it snow there.
Many a time has he given me good advice.
造句:你不但吓了我一跳,而且可能把村子里所有人都吵醒了。
Not only did you give me a surprise, but you've
probably woken up everyone in the village as well.
Not only did several people complain of ‘cat-like
noises’ at night, but a businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a
tree as well.
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in
which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while
counting the 1,084 steps [leading to the fifteen-foot wall (which
surrounded the president's palace)].
语法:状语从句的省略,状语从句中如果满足以下两个条件:
1.状语从句的主语与主句主语一致。
2.状语从句的谓语包含 be 动词。
则可同时省略状语从句的主语和其后的 be 动词。
However, he had at last been allowed to send a fax in which he
informed the editor that he had been arrested while (he had been)
counting the 1,084 steps leading to the fifteen-foot wall which
surrounded the president's palace.
Metals expand when they are heated and
contract when they are cooled.
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
Francis Preston Blair Jr., although he was born in
Kentucky, lived and practiced in Missouri.
Francis Preston Blair Jr., although born in Kentucky, lived and
practiced in Missouri.
造句:来自于伦敦动物园的专家最终打了一个电话,在电话中他通知动物园说,这只美洲狮在正从一座古庙逃跑的时候被抓住了,这座古庙位于距离伦敦几乎有一百英里远的一座
200 米高的小山上。
The expert from London Zoo had at last made a telephone call in which
he informed the zoo that the puma had been caught while escaping from an
ancient temple standing on a 200-meter hill which was almost 100 miles
from London.