时间状语“当今，现如今”：
these days
today
nowadays
in those days 想当初
指当今没有介词“in”
In those days, boxers fought with bare fists
for prize money.
In those days wandering minstrels were
welcome everywhere.
receive money 赚钱
make money
earn money
放在比较级前表“多的多”
far / much / even / still /
yet …
放在比较级前表“多一点点”
slightly / a little / a bit
…
造句：现如今，在娱乐界 (the entertainment field)
工作的人挣的钱往往比在教育行业 (the education sector)
工作的人多得多。
These days, people who work in the entertainment field often receive
far more money than people who toil in the education sector.
anadiplosis 顶真；连珠
一生二 二生三 三生万物
地法天 天法道 道法自然
天下文章数三江 三江文章数鄙乡
鄙乡文章数进士 进士跟我学文章
Our grief has turned to anger, and
anger to resolution.
For glances beget ogles, ogles sighs, sighs wishes, wishes words, and
words a letter.
If you dream it, you can do it;
if you do it, you can love it;
if you love it, you can enjoy it;
if you enjoy it, you can make it. (make it=succeed)
refer to … (to做介词) 提到……; 谈及……
= mention … / speak of
…
Please don’t refer to this matter again.
refer to A as B 把A称为B
call A B 把A称为B
… and others will call him ‘Mr. Bloggs’, not
Alf.
address A as B 把A称为B
美剧
Elizabeth: This is my father, Paul Stevens. Dad, this is Ross
Geller.
Ross: It’s great to meet you Paul.
Paul: I usually prefer Elizabeth’s boyfriends to
address me as Mr.
Stevens.
Ross: Of course, of course, Mr. Stevens.
know A as B 把A称为B
He soon made a name for himself and came to be
known to the Italians as
Giovanni Acuto. Because of this, they were known
as ‘prizefighters’.
He was known to us all
as Dickie and his eccentricity had become
legendary long before he died.
表“因为”
for the reason that …
because of the fact that …
due to the fact that …
on account of the fact that …
= because …
表“尽管”
in spite of the fact that …
despite the fact that …
= although …
Despite the fact that the bottle is tinted a
delicate shade of green, an observant visitor would soon notice that it
is filled with what looks like a thick, grayish substance.
造句：大熊猫常常被称为活化石 (living
fossil)，只不过因为它们在世界上已经生存了两亿多年了。
Giant pandas are frequently referred to as ‘living fossils’ for the
simple reason that they have lived on earth for over 200 million
years.
Such倒装，放在句首有强调的含义
原语序：Human nature is such that a great many people …
nature n. 本性、天性
Excuse me, nature calls.
He is kind by nature. 本性善良
Such is human nature that … 这是人之常情
It is human nature that …
Such is human nature that we all love to get
something for nothing.
Such is human nature that we don’t treasure
what we have until we lose it.
正常语序：
The conditions of society are such that skills have to be paid
for in the same way that goods are paid for at a shop.
Such are the conditions of society that
skills have to be paid for in the same way that goods are paid for at a
shop.
be willing to do 乐意，愿意的
I shook my head and held up five fingers indicating that I
was willing to pay ￡5.
be ready to do 乐意，愿意的
If your order is large enough we are ready to
reduce our prices by 5%.
be prepared for … 准备好做
be prepared to do 乐意，愿意的
Why people are prepared to tolerate a
four-hour journey each day for the dubious privilege of living in the
country is beyond me.
be unwilling to do 不乐意做某事
be reluctant to do 不乐意做某事
Though he was reluctant to do so at first, we
eventually persuaded him to take us.
for the privilege of …为了…好处
Why people are prepared to tolerate a four-hour journey each day
for the dubious privilege of living in the
country is beyond me.
This can give rise to curious situations, as it did in the case of
Alfred Bloggs who worked as a
dustman for the Ellesmere Corporation.
give rise to sth. (fml.) 导致……（正式表达）
The president’s absence gave rise to
speculations about his health.
表“导致“的词组短语
cause
effect
result in
bring about
lead to
contribute to
account for
in the case of 示例
in case of ... 以免（不好的事情）会发生
in the event of ... 以免（不好的事情）会发生
In case of / In the event of bad
weather, the wedding will be held indoors.
注意：职务前用介词 as,
如果在某家公司工作，在公司前的介词用for,正式场合不用in和at
I work as an English teacher
for New Oriental School.
Thank you very much for having offered me such a golden opportunity
to work as an editor for
Designs & Fashions, a best-selling magazine renowned for its
extraordinary quality and taste.
观点+例证
….（观点）, as it did / does in the case of …
who …
This can cause curious situations. Alfred Bloggs was an example. He
worked …
造句: 压力 (stress) 会导致精神上的一些疾病 (mental
diseases), 正如在通用汽车公司
(General Motors) 工作的工程师 Mike Johnson 身上发生的情况一样。
Stress can give rise to mental diseases, as it did in the case of
Mike Johnson who worked as an engineer for General Motors.
get married 结婚
marry sb. 娶了某人
be married to sb. 嫁给某人
The girl was married to me. 嫁给某人用介词 to
The girl was engaged to me. 与某人订婚用介词to
He simply told her that he worked for the Corporation.
Every morning, he left home dressed in a smart black
suit.
be (dressed) in … 穿着….(被动结构)
He was (dressed) in a smart black suit. sb. wear sth.
He left home wearing a smart black suit.
（主动结构）
注意：主动被动一定由选定动词搭配决定，不能通过中文判断
Suit 西装
托福听力：
A. Take a lot of money.
B. Go to a different restaurant.
C. Don't invite John.
D. Wear different clothes.
Q: What does the man advise? Answer:
W: I'm taking John to that fancy new restaurant tonight.
M: You can't go like that. You'd better change.
(D) Wear different clothes. change (out of…) (into …)
换上这个，换上那个
change (out of)… into….
You’d better change out of the red
jacket into a blue one.
表花费…
spend … on sth. / (in) doing sth
I spent a lot of money
on food.
I spent a lot of time on
homework.
I spent a lot of time (in)
learning English. 表度过
I spent my summer vacation in Hainan
Province.
I treasured every minute I spent with your family.
一般时：
After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor
went back into his shop.
Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing
across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly
spotted by a look-out.
主动完成时：
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, Dimitri apologized to Aleko
for having accused him.
一般时被动：
Pretending to speak seriously, one of the workmen asked if he might
make a telephone call before being taken to the station.
被动完成时：
After having been wounded towards the end of the war, he had
been sent to hospital and was separated from his unit.
fellow 表示身份和自己一样的人
fellow dustmen
fellow actors
fellow students
fellow citizens
fellow Chinese / Americans …
The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow
actor had at last learnt his lines.
In so far as any inquiry is a secret one, it naturally limits all
those engaged in carrying it out from effective contact with their
fellow scientists either in other countries or
in universities, or even, often enough, in other departments of the same
firm.
We would lay less stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good
memory, on applied psychology, and on the capacity of a man to get along
with his fellow citizens.
And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what
your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. —
John F. Kennedy
表“同事”
workmate
colleague
associate
One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his
colleague to find out if, after so many performances,
he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
I was, am and will be your friend.
我过去是，现在是，将来也会是你的朋友。
will be doing 表达一种可预见性
Professor Wang will be taking charge of our
department next Monday.
第一个as是副词，第二个是连词，引导比较状语从句
He will be earning only half as much as he
used to (earn), …
英语中表达倍数的三种方式：
1.A is … times as … as B
2.A is … times the amount(数量，不可数) (the
number(数量，可数), the size(大小), the length(长度), the
width/breadth(宽度), the height(高度), the value(价值),
the price(价格), etc.) of B
3.A is … times 比较级 than B 表倍数
举例：他的工资是我的三倍。
His salary is three times as much as
mine.
His salary is three times the amount
of mine.
His salary is twice more than mine.
（多两倍）
举例：这个箱子是那个箱子四倍大。
The box is four times as big as that one.
The box is four times the size of that one.
The box is three times bigger than that one.
worth 当作介词好一些
worthy 形容词
举例：
The day when Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games is
worth being celebrated. 表达错误 be worth 后面不能接被动
改正：The day when Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic
Games is worth celebration / celebrating. √
The day when Beijing won the right to host the 2008 Olympic Games is
worthy of celebration / to be celebrated. √
call sb. names 脏话
Stop calling my father names!