at large
a puma which was at large
语法:
关系代词作主语,其后紧接be动词,作主语的关系词和be动词可同时省略
a prisoner / suspect at large
The disease is still at large.
cat-like
bear-like animals
lady-like behavior
child-like simplicity
an angel-like girl
crystal-like eyes
flu-like symptoms
As is shown in the picture, there is a cobweb-like
structure with separate compartments packed in it.
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small
dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm
animals. (CET-4)
Pumas are large, cat-like animals found in
America.
短语:be found in … 产于
Many plant and animal species are found only in the rainforests.
Vitamin C is found in citrus fruit.
造句: 大熊猫 (giant panda)
是一种大型的,类似于熊的动物,产于中国四川省。

He came into the classroom.
无灵主语 / 物称主语 (inanimate subject)
However, a new type of humor, which stems largely from the US, has
recently come into fashion. The dealer told him that it had just come
in, but that he could not be bothered to open it.
例:
I thought of a good idea.
A good idea came into my mind.
A good idea flashed into my mind.
He went to the town on business.
Business took him to the town.
A warm and sunny Sunday found my whole family going for an outing at
the beach.
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
1、从定义上看:同位语从句解释前面名词的具体内容;而定语从句仅起到后置定语的作用,
常译为“……的”。
2、从形式上看:同位语从句中的“that”仅起到连接符号的作用,不充当语法成分;而定语从句中的“that”是关系代词,在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
The proposal that John should be dismissed is unacceptable.
同位语从句
The proposal that John put forward is unacceptable. 定语从句
同位语并列:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all
men are created equal, that they are endowed by the
Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
― Thomas Jefferson
词组: had been seen / found / observed
… 被发现
方位介词: in / on / to the south of
… 只有to可省略
in : 在内部 Shanghai is in the south of China.
on: 在外部 Vietnam is on the south of China.
to: 中间有间隔 Indonesia is to the south of China.
to 省略: 100 kilometers south of Xi'an
take … seriously
take … lightly
… they were taken lightly.
课文: When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been
spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken
seriously.
造句:当消息
(news) 传到了国家博物馆 (the national museum),说是在西安以南 100
公里处发现了一座古墓 (an ancient tomb) 的时候,这则消息受到了重视。
However 转折
Investigate 调查
investigate the market investigate
the case
the FBI: the Federal Bureau of Investigation
原因状语从句引导词
because (回答why)
since
as
for 逗号for引起原因状语从句
in that
now (that) 不能跟过去式
Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is
less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow
whenever a traveller is in difficulty.
非谓语动词
give descriptions
… descriptions which were given by people … make
descriptions
… descriptions made by people …
The hunt for the puma began in a small village where a woman
picking blackberries saw a large cat only five yards away from
her.
John had a very good day and put his wallet containing ₤3,000
into the microwave oven for safekeeping.
For hundreds of years, St. Bernard dogs have saved the lives of
travellers crossing the dangerous Pass.
novels written by Lu Xun
movies directed by Zhang Yimou
The man leaning against the wall named George is my brother.
claim to do … 声称
claim to have done … 动词不定式的完成时
So far, no organization has claimed to be
responsible for the accident.
Everyone went to the funeral, for the 'ghost' was none other than
Eric Cox, a third brother who was supposed to have died
as a young man.
When I was a boy, my grandfather told me how a German taxi driver,
Franz Bussman, found a brother who was thought to have
been killed twenty years before.
发音: 重音后移
extraordinarily
primarily
absolutely
necessarily
temporarily
… were extraordinarily similar
替换: were particularly alike
had a lot in common
had considerable commonalities
—well, I saw the ad on the back of the bus stop today. And, uh…
though it was not exactly like looking in the mirror, you can't deny
that there is a certain commonality in our
visages.
—I guess we do look a little bit alike
复述:
However, as the evidence began to accumulate, experts
from the Zoo felt obliged to investigate, for the descriptions
given by people who claimed to have seen the puma were
extraordinarily similar.
造句:
随着病例 (case) 开始慢慢增多, 医学专家们 (specialist)
觉得必须要调查了,因为得了这种病的人的症状 (symptom) 特别地相似。
介词:
hunt for …
I’m hunting for a job now.
The hunt for a job will begin tomorrow.
the winter in America
the entrance to the parking lot
a witness to the accident
a longing for love
the reason for the disaster
发音
woman villager 村姑
[w] [v]
“ 仅仅 “
only
just …
merely …
no more than …
confirm 证实说
President Hu Jintao confirmed
that he would visit the United States next month.
prove 系动词
prove (to be) + adj. / n.
被证明是……
His injury proved (to be) fatal.
The operation proved (to be) a success.
turn out to be + adj. / n.
原来是……
When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed
to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking
woman.
疑问词 + ever (whenever, wherever, whoever, whichever,
whatever ...) 有两个含义:
表示“无论……”引导让步状语从句。
= no matter + 疑问词
No matter where it went, …
No matter where you live, you would find it difficult not to laugh
at, say, Charlie Chaplin's early films.
表示 “到底……” 用于疑问句中。
'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.
Wherever did you go yesterday?
Whenever am I going to see you again?
When will you ever learn?
A. These things take time to learn.
B. Will you study anymore?
C. Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?
D. It will be a good learning experience for you.
Answer: (C) Why do you keep on making the same mistakes?
Wherever it went, it left behind it a trail of dead
deer and small animals like rabbits.
a trail of 一连串的
Wherever he went, he left a trail of … behind him.
Wherever he went, he left a trail of unpaid bills behind him.
Wherever he went, he left a trail of broken hearts behind him.
造句:人们对下岗工人的生活状况越来越关注了。
1.People have paid more and more attention to the condition of the
laid-off workers. 2.Increasing attention has been paid to the condition
of the laid-off workers.
fur a fur coat
feather fur and feather 飞禽走兽
fin, fur and feather 各种各样的动物
The crown should not yield to the
cross.
主语不足语
complain of / about sth. 抱怨说
claim 声称说
confirm 证实说
put it 措辞说
stated that 声明说
Then I added with a smile, ‘It’s a strange mixture I make
myself.’…,
as one of them put it ‘ate like kings’.
The writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands …
on a business / honeymoon trip
on a journey / voyage / expedition / tour
…
… on a five-nation tour. 路上和在途中用介词 on
convince sb. of sth.
be convinced that … that引导的从句不在介词后
in that … 因为
except / but that …
out 这里是副词
After telling several of his friends about the theft, Dimitri
found out that his neighbour, Aleko,
had suddenly acquired a new lamb.
He was a WOMAN! 重读was
must have done 对过去肯定的推测
You must have been ill yesterday. You looked so pale.
must do 肯定是
She knew that it must be the baker.
may / might have done 可能是
can not / could not have done
不可能是
You can’t have been ill yesterday. I saw you going shopping with your
wife.
The girl asked to see a timetable, feeling sure that her father could
not have made such a mistake.
责备语气,
should / ought to have done 该做的没做
should not / ought not to have done 不该做的做了
You should have finished your work yesterday.
I shouldn’t have shouted at you
yesterday.



in the possession of sb. / in one’s possession
in possession of sth.
The book is in my possession .
I’m in possession of the book.
in the charge of sb. / in one’s charge 负责
in charge of …
The bookstore is in my charge .
I’m in charge of the bookstore.
manage to do 设法完成了某事
Our vicar is always raising money for one cause or another, but he
has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock
repaired.
fail to do 没能完成某事
When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly
published the article as it had originally been written.
主语从句
It is disturbing to think that a dangerous wild animal is still at
large in the quiet countryside.
It is … to think that … 一想到某事就令人….
It is worrying to think that …
It is exciting to think that …
It is comforting to think that… I
t is amusing to think that …
It is irritating to think that …